Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

(ME 439)

Instructor Dr. Muhammad Asif

Lecture 14

Chapter 5
Heat Transmission in building Structures

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology

 Building Structures

- Walls
- Insulation
- Roofs
- Windows
- Doors
- Concrete floor
- Walls below Grade
- Floor Slabs at Grade level
- Crawl Spaces
- Buried Pipes
 Basic Heat Transfer Modes
Heat is transferred in buildings in the three known ways, which are
• conduction
• Convection
• radiation
Flat wall case

In terms of thermal resistance……

Analogy to electrical system….

Same techniques can be applied to analyze wall or slab made up of two or more
layers of dissimilar material.
Combine Thermal Resistance
Parallel thermal resistance
Radiation
Effective emittance E/ Interchange factor or
equivalent emissivity for the radiation from
surface 1 to surface 2
Thermal bridge
• An area or component of an object which has higher thermal conductivity
than the surrounding materials, creating a path of least resistance
for heat transfer.
• A large variation in the thermal resistance of parallel conduction paths is
called a thermal bridge
• To overcome the effect of thermal bridging the following is suggested:
• a) use of lower-thermal-conductivity bridging material,
• b) changing the geometry or construction system,
• c) putting an insulating sheath around the bridge
Overall heat transfer coefficients
• Walls and roofs
Table 5-1(a, b)
• Typical Thermal Properties of Common Building and Insulating
Materials—Design Values
Floor Slabs at Grade Level
Buried Pipes
Chapter 5: Suggested Problems
• 5-16; 5-22; 5-26; 5-30; 5-33