SHIP

CONSTRUCTION
BOW AND STERN REGIONS
STRESSES OR LOADS IN BOW REGION

• The forward end of a ship refers to thestructure forward of the collision bulkhead.
• The forward end is designed to provide a smooth entry to the water and streamlined flow
along the ship.
STRESSES OR LOADS IN BOW REGION

• Panting
• Pounding
PROVISION TO ADDITIONAL STRENGTH TO
WITHSTAND PANTING
• Panting is the in-and-out movement of the shell plating that results from variations in
water pressure as the vessel pitches in a seaway. Special structural arrangements are
provided in the bow region to strengthen the shell plating against this action.
PROVISION TO ADDITIONAL STRENGTH TO
WITHSTAND PANTING
• These arrangements include:
• 1. horizontal plates welded to the sides of the vessel (known as panting stringers)
• 2. transverse beams extending from side to side (known as panting beams)
• 3. partial bulkheads.
PROVISION TO ADDITIONAL STRENGTH TO
WITHSTAND PANTING
PROVISION TO ADDITIONAL STRENGTH TO
WITHSTAND PANTING
PROVISION TO ADDITIONAL STRENGTH TO
WITHSTAND PANTING
Pounding results from the heaving or pitching of the vessel, which causes the forward
region to‘slam’ down on the water.
• To resist pounding, the shell plating is increased in thickness, frame spacing is reduced,
and additional side girders and solid plate floors are fitted in the forward region.
AFT REGION

The aft end of a ship terminates the structure and is designed to provide a smooth water
flow into and away from the propeller.

The propeller and rudder are also positioned and supported at the after end and require
certain structural arrangements in order to operate satisfactorily.

The after end construction involves an amount of overhanging structure to accept the
steering gear below deck and mooring equipment higher up on the weather deck.
• This arrangement leads to large slamming forces in this after region and an adequately
stiffened structure is therefore required.
FUNCTION OF STERN FRAME

• The stern is the back or aft-most part of a ship or boat, technically defined as the area
built up over the sternpost, extending upwards from the counter rail to the taffrail. This
frame is designed to support the various beams that make up the stern.
FUNCTION OF STERN FRAME
TRANSOM STERN

• Basically a transom stern is a stern shape characterized by a generally flat shape

extending to the waterline.
• The transom stern offers a greater deck area aft, is a simpler construction, and can also
provide improved flow around the stern.
• The flat surface of any transom stern may begin either at or above the waterline of the
vessel. Transom stern can be viewed as a cruiser stern whose aft – most portion is cut off.
TRANSOM STERN