,

Educationals
 The Hero’s
First Teacher
 The first teacher of Rizal was his mother.

He learned the alphabet and prayers at the

age of three.

As a tutor, Doña Teodora was patient,

conscientious and understanding.
o She first discovered that her son had a
talent
for poetry.
o She encouraged him to write poems.
She related many stories to lighten the
monotony of memorizing the ABC’s and to
stimulate her son’s imagination.

El Amigo De Los
Ninos o Ang The Moth story
kaibigan ng mga
Bata
Rizal’s parents employed private
tutors to give him lessons at
home.

Maestro Celestino – First tutor

Maestro Lucas Padua – Second tutor
(Arithmetic)
 Leon Monroy
A former classmate of Rizal’s father. This old
teacher lived at the Rizal home and instructed
Jose in Spanish and Latin. He did not lived long
and died five months later.

• After Monroy’s death, the parents of Rizal

decided to send him to a private school
in Biñ an.
 Rizal Moves to
Biñan
• Sunday afternoon of June 1869, Rizal left Calamba to
move in Biñan.

• Paciano accompanied Rizal in his trip on board a

carromata.

• Their travel lasted for one and a half hour. Then

proceed
to their Aunt’s house, where Rizal was to lodge.
Calamba

Biñan
Carromata
• That Sunday night, his cousin
Leandro invited him for a walk
around the town to familiarize
Rizal with the place but at that
time, he felt homesick as he
remembered his mother and
sisters.
 First Day at the
Village School
• He was accompanied again by
Paciano to the village school under
the charge of Maestro Justiniano
Cruz, Paciano’s teacher during his
elementary school days.

• Pedro – son of Maestro Cruz

Laughed at Rizal because of his
response to the Maestro’s question.
• Afternoon of Rizal’s
first day in school, he
challenged Pedro to a
fight.
• After the class in the afternoon, his
classmate named Andres Salandanan
challenged him to an arm-wrestling
match.

• In succeeding days he had other fights

with the boys of Binan. He was not
quarrelsome by nature, but he never ran
away from fight.
 Academic Studies at the
Village School
• Even at this level of education, Rizal was
able to demonstrate his intellectual
superiority– the best in his class in Latin,
Spanish, and the rest of the subjects.

• Because of this, he was the object of

jealousy by his classmates; and thus was
made to look bad in front of the maestro and
was punished.
Academic Instruction at the
Village School
• He did not enjoy his schooling at the
village school, under Maestro
Justiniano Cruz. He did not even
like his teacher, who he described as
a tall man with a long neck and a
sharp nose and a body bent slightly
forward.
But though he did not like him,
he considered him an expert
in Latin and Spanish
grammars.

x One thing he hated from him was his

use of corporal punishment in
making the pupils learn the lesson
for the day (he considered it
barbarous).

x He highlight his hatred for that type

of instruction in his Noli me Tangere

x For him (Ibarra), a school has to be a

playground of the mind and not a
 Life at Biñan
 He had a very systematic and disciplined life

Wakes up 4:00 in the morning, attends the mass, go

home and study lessons, take his breakfast, and attend
class until 10:00.

He then goes home for lunch; after resting for an hour,
he returns to school for afternoon classes from 2:00-
5:00; by 6:00, he had to pray with his cousins and
study for a while.
After suppertime, when there was a moon, he
played with his nieces in the street.

He also took painting and drawing lessons under

Maestro Cruz’s father-in-law, the old Juancho, and
eventually became his apprentice.

The rigorous life he had as an elementary pupil at

the village school equipped him with the
competencies for secondary schooling in Manila;
and strengthened his body and soul as a young lad.
 End of Schooling at the
Village School
He then returned to Calamba
after receiving a letter from
his sister Saturnina.

By December 17, 1870, he was

able to return to his
hometown.

He went home by boarding a

steamship named Talim
 Studies At
Ateneo and UST
 SCHOLASTIC TRIUMPHS
AT ATENEO DE MANILA
(1872-1877)
• Jose was sent to Manila four months
after the martyrdom of
GOMBURZA and with Dona
Teodora still in prison. He studiedin
the Ateneo Municipal, a college
under the supervision of the Spanish
Jesuits
• Bitter rival of the Dominican-
owned College of San Juan de
Letran

• Formerly the Escuela Pia

(Charity School)- for poor boys
in Manila established in 1817

• In 1859- name was changed to Ateneo

Municipal by the Jesuits and later
became the Ateneo de Manila
 RIZAL ENTERS AT
ATENEO
• June 10, 1872- Jose, accompanied by Paciano,
went to Manila to take the entrance
examinations on Christian Doctrine,
arithmetic, and reading at the College of San
Juan de Letran, and passed them.

• His father was the first one who wished him to

study at Letran but he changed his mind and
decided to send Jose at Ateneo instead
• Father Magin Ferrando,
registrar college of Ateneo
Municipal,
refused to admit Jose because:

• He was late for registration and;

• He was sickly and undersized for

his age (11 years old)
• Upon the intercession of Manuel Xeres Burgos,
nephew of Father Burgos, he was admitted at
Ateneo.

• Jose adopted the surname Rizal´ at the Ateneo

because their family name Mercado´ had come
under suspicion of the Spanish authorities.

• Ateneo was located in Intramuros, within the

walls of Manila. He boarded in a house on
Caraballo Street, 25 min walk from the college.
The boarding house was owned by Titay, who
owed Rizal family P300. Jose boarded there to
collect part of the debt
 JESUITS SYSTEM OF EDUCATION
• Jesuits trained the character of the student by
rigid discipline, humanities and religious
instruction. They heard Mass earlyin the morning
before the beginning of daily class. Classes were
opened and closed with prayers

Students were divided into two groups:

Romano - internos
Carthagena - externos
Each empire had its rank. Students
fought for positions, with 3 mistakes,
opponents position could lose his
position.
1st Best: Emperor
2nd Best:
Tribune 3rd Best:
Decurion 4th Best:
Centurion
 RIZAL’S FIRTST YEAR IN
ATENEO(1872-1873)
• Rizal’s first professor in Ateneo was Fr.
Jose Bech.
• Rizal was placed at the bottom of the class
since he was a newcomer and knows little
Spanish.
• He was an externo (Carthaginians),
occupying the end of the line. But at the
end of the month, he become ³emperor´ of
his Empire.
• He was the brightest pupil in the
whole class, and he was awarded a
prize, a religious prize

• Rizal took private lessons in Santa

Isabel College during noon recesses to
improve his Spanish language
payingthree pesos for those extra
lessons.
 Summer Vacation
• (1873)
Rizal didn’t enjoy his summer because his
mother was in prison so Neneng (Saturnina)
brought him to Tanawan.
• But without telling his father, he went to Santa
Cruz to visit her mother in prison. He told her
of his brilliant grades.
• After summer, he returned to Manila and now
boarded inside Intramuros at No. 6
Magallanes Street. Dona Pepay, who had a
widowed daughter and 4 sons, was his
landlady.
SECOND YEAR IN ATENEO (1873- 1874)
• At the end of the school year, Rizal received excellent
grades in all subjects and a gold medal

• · The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas-

the first favorite novel of Rizal which made a deep
impression on him

• · Universal History by Cesar Cantu- Rizal

persuaded his father to buy him this set of historical
work that was a great aid in his studies
 THIRD YEAR IN
ATENEO (1874-1875)
• Rizal grades remained excellent in all
subjects but he won only one medal—in
Latin

• At the end of the school year (March

1875), Rizal returned to Calamba for the
summer vacation. He himself was not
impressed by his scholastic work.
 FOURTH YEAR ON ATENEO
• June 16, 1875- Rizal became an interno in the
Ateneo
• Padre Francisco de Paula Sanchez- a great
educator and scholar, one of Rizal’s professors
who inspired him to study harder and to write
poetry
• Rizal described this Jesuit professor as “model
of uprightness, earnestness, and love for the
advancement of his pupils”
• Rizal topped all his classmates in all subjects and
won five medals at the end of the school term.
 LAST YEAR IN ATENEO (1876-
•
1877)
Rizal- The most brilliant Atenean of his time, and
was truly the pride of the Jesuits
• Graduated With Highest Honor
• March 23, 1877- Rizal, 16 years old, received from
his Alma Mater, Ateneo Municipal, the degree of
Bachelor of Arts, with highest honors
• The night before graduation, he could not

sleep. Early morning the day of

on graduation, he prayed
his to the
Virgin his life and protect him as he step
To commend
into the world.
 EXTRA-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES IN
ATENEO
• He was an active member, later secretary, of Marian
Congregation a religious society. He was accepted
becauseof his academic brilliance and devotion to Our
Lady of Immaculate Conception, the college patroness.

• He is also a member of the Academy of Spanish

Literature and the Academy of Natural Sciences.

• He studied painting under Agustin Saez, a famous painter,

and sculpture under Romualdo de Jesus.

• He continued his physical training under hid sports-minded

Tio Manuel.
 SCULPTURAL WORKS IN ATENEO
• He carved an Image of The Virgin Mary on a
piece of Batikuling (Philippine hardwood) with
his pocket-knife. The Jesuit fathers were
amazed.

• Father Lleonart requested him to carve for him

an image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. He
intended to take the image with him in Spain but
forgot to do so. So the Ateneo boarders placed it
on the door of their dormitory. It plays a
significant part inRizal's last hours at Fort
Santiago.
 RIZAL AT THE
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO
TOMAS
• Fortunately, Rizal’s tragic first romance, with
its bitter disillusionment, did not adversely
affect his studies in the University of Santo
Tomas. His love for higher education proved to
be greater than his love for a pretty girl.

• In April, 1877, Rizal, who was then nearly 16

years old, matriculated in the University of
Santo Tomas, taking Philosophy and Letters.
He enrolled in this course for Two reasons
1. His father liked it
2. He was still “Uncertain as to what career to follow.

Pablo Ramon
- Rector of Ateneo, who had been good to
him during his student days in that college, asking
for advice on the choice of career.

-Unfortunately, the Father Rector was in the

Mindanao and during those days it took several
months for a letter to travel between Manila and
Mindanao.
• First year (1877-79) in the UST, he studied
Cosmology,
term Metaphysics, Theodicy, and
History of Philosophy.

• (1878-1879) Rizal took up medicine, enrolling

simultaneously in the preparatory medical course and
the regular first year medical course

He studied Medicine Because:

1. he wanted to be a physician so that he might cure his
mother’s failing eyesight

1. the Father Pablo Ramon, Rector of Ateneo, whom he

consulted for a choice of career, finally answered his
letter, recommending medicine.
 VICTIM OF SPANISH OFFICER’S BRUTALITY
• Setting: Dark night, summer vacation 1878. Calamba

• He passed by a lieutenant of the Guardia Civil but failed

to recognize the latter.

• Insulted, the lieutenant slashed Jose’s back with his

sword.

• Jose reported to General Primo de Rivera, Spanish

governor general, but no resolution was done because of
racial discrimination.

– March 21, 1887: “I went to the Captain-General but I

could not obtain justice; my wound lasted two weeks.”
 TO THE FILIPINO YOUTH (1879)
• Literary contest by Artistico-Literario (Artisitic-
Literary Lyceum)

• Rizal, 18 years old, submitted his poem entitled A La

Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth)

• The first prize, a feather shaped, gold ribbon

decorated silver pen was given to Rizal.

• In the poem, Rizal beseeched the Filipino to rise from

lethargy, to let their genius fly swifter than the wind and
descend with art science to break the chains that have long
bound the spirit of the people.
The poem is a classic. Two reasons:

1. It was the first great poem in Spanish

written by a Filipino whose merit was
recognized by Spanish literary
authorities.

1. It expressed for the first time the

nationalistic concept that the Filipinos and
not the foreigners were the “fair hope of
the Fatherland.”
 HE COUNCIL OF THE GODS
(1880)
• Another literary contest by the Artistic-Literary Lyceum to
commemorate the fourth centennial of the death of
Cervantes, Spanish and author of Don Quixote.

• Manuel De Cervantes – Spain’s glorified man of letter.

• Rizal submitted an allegorical drama, El Consejo de los

Dioses (The Council of the Gods)

• The allegory was based on Greek classics

• Rizal was aided by Father Rector of the Ateneo in
securing the needed reference materials

• The contest was participated by priest,

laymen, professors of UST, newspapermen and
scholars.

• Rizal won the first price; he received a gold

ring engraved with bust of Cervantes.

• D.N. Del Puzo – a Spanish writer won the 2nd

price
 CHAMPION OF FILIPINO
STUDENTS
• There were frequent student brawls between the
Filipinos and the Spaniards
• 1880: Rizal founded
Companerismo (Comradeship), a secret society of
Filipino UST students. The members were called
“Companions of Jehu”.
• He was the chief of the society.
• His cousin, Galicano Apacible was the secretary.
• In one of the skirmishes, Rizal was wounded on the
head. His friends brought him to Casa Tomasina
where Leonor Rivera took care of him.
 DECISION TO STUDY
• RizalABROAD
decided to study in Spain after finishing the fourth
year of his medical course.
The people who approved :
o His older brother Paciano
o His sisters Saturnina (Neneng) and Lucia
o Uncle Antonio Rivera
o The Valenzuela family
o Some friends
The people who did not know his decision:
-Rizal’s parents
-Leonor Rivera
-Spanish authorities
 UNHAPPY DAYS AT
THE UST
• Rizal was unhappy in the
Dominican institution because;

o The Dominicanprofessors were hostile

to him
o The Filipino students were racially
discriminated against by the Spaniards
o The method of instruction was obsolete
and repressive.
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