MAPEH REVIEWER

ARTS OF THE NEOCLASSIC AND ROMANTIC PERIODS

NEOCLASSICISM 1780-1840
• -the word neoclassic are Greek word neos meaning ‘new’ and the
latin word classics are similar to “first class”

• -neoclassicism the western movement in decorative and visual arts

• It applies to literature, theater, music, and architecture, influenced by
classical art and culture
NEOCLASSICISM
• -neoclassical movement coincide with the age of reason(18th century)
Also called age of enlightenment.

-art style is renewed interest in Greek and roman classics

-art pieces are such as paintings, sculpture, and architecture, portrayed roman history
NEOCLASSICISM
• CHARACTERISTICS:
• Portrayal of roman history
• Formal composition
• The used of diagonals to show the peak of an emotion( versus a
regular moment)
• Local color
• Overall lighting
• Classic geo-structure
NEOCLASSICISM

NEOCLASSICISM CLASSICISM
• - Art forms inspired by ancient - Art forms produced in antiquity
times, created later. or inspired by it afterward.
• - Renewed interest in classical • - Reflects Greek and Roman
ideals and forms in 18th and 19th principles and styles in society.
century Europe and America.
• - Influenced society through ideas,
politics, and fine arts.
• - Derived from the Classicism
movement.
NEOCLASICAL PAINTING
• Neoclassical artist embraced moderm in artistic interpretations of
classic Greek/roman history to realistic portrayals
• Neoclassical painters gave importance to custumes, settings, and
details of subject without distracting with accuracy
NEO-CLASSICAL ARTIST
NEO-CLASSICAL ARIST
• Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825)
• -an influential French painter
• -considered pre-eminent painter of the era
• -subject more on history
ART WORKS OF DAVID
THE DEATH OF MARAT
• - shows the portrayal of revolutionary martyr
• - shows murdered French revolutionary leader jean-paul marat.
 NAPOLEON CROSSING THE ALPS
• - showed a strongly view of napoleon and his army across the alps at
the great st.Bernard pass in may 1800.
OATH OF THE HORATTI
• Large painting that depicts a scene from roman legend about dispute
between rome and alba Longa.
• -three brothers, are willing to sacrifice their lives for rome
• -shown saluting their father holds their swords out for them
JEAN-AUGUSTE-DOMIQUE (1780-1867)
• pupil of Jacques-louis David
• -influenced by Italian renaissance painter like raphael, Nicolas
poussin, Botticelli and his mentor, jaques-louis David.
• -art style are nudes, portraits, and mythological themes
• -great examplars of academic art, one of the finest old masters in his
era
ART WORKS OF JEAN-AUGUSTE
PORTRAIT OF NAPOLEON ON THE
IMPERIAL THRONE
• -depicts napoleon in his coronation costume, at golden-encrusted
throne, hand resting at ivory balls.
• -the painting owned by corps Legislatif during his era
• -believed to be commissioned by napoleon as king of Italy.
THE APOTHESIS OF HOMER
• -the painting was a state-commission by Charles x to remember the
building works of Louvre.
• -depicts an image of homer, getting all brilliant men of rome, Greece,
and contemporary times.
NEOCLASSICAL SCULPTURES
• NEOCLASSICAL PERIOD:
• - One of the great ages of public sculpture.
• - Artists drew inspiration from Roman styles during Alexander the
Great's time.
• - Aimed to mimic the style of ancient Roman sculptures.
NEO-CLASSICAL SCULPTORS
ANTONIO CANOVA (1757-1822)
• -an prolift Italian artist
• -known for his marbe sculptures that delicately rendered nude flesh
• -portraying discrete sexual pleasure by contour with mythological
compositions.
ART WORKS OF CANOVA
PSYCHE AWAKENED BY CUPID’S KISS
• Marble sculpture portraying the relationship of psyche and cupid
WASHINGTON
• Marble sculpture of Washington, displayed at north Carolina museum
of history
BERTEL THORVALDSEN (1789-1838)
• -the first internatiomally acclaimed denish artist
• -make sculptures of mythological, religious themes characters
CHRIST
• A sculpture image resurrected christ, located at Thorvaldsen musuem
LION OF LUCERNE
• -A sculpture of dying lion in lucerne
• -commemorates the swiss guards that were massacred in 1792 during
French reolution
NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE
NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE
- Emerged in the mid-18th century.
• - Departed from the grandeur of Rococo and late Baroque styles.
• - Primarily derived from Classical Greek and Roman architecture.
• - Influenced by the designs of Italian architect Andrea Palladio.
TYPES OF NEOCLASSICAL
ARCHITECTURE
TEMPLE STYLE
• -was based on an acient temple
• -uncommon during renaissance
• -architects focused mainly on classical elements to churches, modern
buildings like palazzos and villas
• -many temple style buildings feature a peristyle( a continuous line of
columns around a building) a rare feature of that era
MOST FAMOUS TEMPLE STYLE
BUILDINGS OF THE NEOCLASSICAL
AGE
• PANTHEON, PARIS BY JAQUES-GERMAIN SOUFFLOT
• BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON, ROBERT SMIRKE
• LA MADELAINE DE PARIS BY PIERRE-ALEXANDRE VIGON
PALLADIAN STYLE
• - Based on Andrea Palladio's villa construction style.
• - Feature a balustrade, a railing with vertical supports along the roof's
edge.
• - Vertical supports within the balustrade are called "balusters" or
"spindles."
• - Classical method of crowning a building with a flat or low-lying roof.
• - Associated with one of the famous architects of the era.
ROBERT ADAM (1728-1792) BRITAIN
• -known as palldian architect
• -designed 2 well-known American building
• -the white house and united states of capitol, designed many country
houses
CLASSICAL BLOCK STYLE
• - Rectangular or square plan.
• - Flat roof.
• - Exterior rich in classical detail.
• - Repeated classical patterns such as arches and columns.
• - Overall impression of a large, classically-decorated rectangular block.
• - Also known as the "Beaux-Arts style."
• - Developed primarily by the French Ecole des Beaux-Arts (School of
Fine Arts).
• - Flourished in the United States, especially in New York.
FAMOUS ARCHITECTS OF THIS
ARCHITECTURAL STYLE WERE
• HENRI LABROUSTE
• -his masterpiece is the library of saint-Genevieve

• CHARLES GARNIER
• -he designed the most famous classical block of all which is the palais
(a neobaroque opera house)
OTHER BUILDINGS IN CLASSICAL
BLOCK STYLE
• NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY: carrere & hastings

• BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY: Charles follen mckim 1895

ROMANTICISM, 1800s-1810s
• - Artists sought to express subtle and stormy emotions.
• - Embraced themes like longing for history, supernatural elements,
social injustices, and nature.
• Landscape painting also became more popular due to the peoples'
romantic adoration of nature.
• Romanticism was a reaction to the classical, contemplative nature of
Neoclassical pieces.
CHARACTERISTICS
• Height of action
• Emotional extremes
• Celebrated nature as out of control
• Dramatic compositions
• Heightened sensation (life and death moments)
ROMANTIC PAINTING
(portraits/figures)
• -emphasis on emotion
• -artists expressed much and passion as it could be on canvas
PAINTERS OF ROMANTIC PERIOD
JEAN LOUIS THEODORE
GERICAULT(1791-1824)
• -first French master
• -masterpieces were energetic, powerful, brilliantly, colored, and
tightly composed
ART WORKS OF JEAN LOUIS
RAFT OF MEDUSA
• Portrays the victims of cotemporary shipwreck that have French
immigrants route to west africa
CHARGING CHASSEUR
• -his first major work are influenced by style of rubens, and interest in
the depiction of contemporary matter
INSANE WOMAN
• -the mentally disable thas has peculiar hypnotic power
UEGENE DELACROIX (1798-1863)
FRANCE
• -considered the gratest French romantic painter
• -have brilliant visual effects using small, adjacent strokes of contasting
color
• -most influential romantic painter
• -his technique was carry and extended by impressionist artist
ART WORKS OF UEGENE
LIBERTY LEADING THE PEOPLE
• -commemorates the revolution of 1830, A woman holding the flag of
the France revolution personifies liberty and leads the people forward
over fallen bodies
FRANCISCO GOYA(1746-1828) SPAIN
• -commissioned romantic painter by king of spain
• -printmaker and was also as the last of the ‘old masters”
• And first of the modern
ART WORKS OF FRANCISCO
THE THIRD OF MAY
• Sought to commemorate Spanish resistance to napoleon armies
during the peninsula war
Saturn devouring his son
• Greek myth of the titan cronus(Saturn) who fears that he would be
overthrown by his children so he ate one upon their birth
THE BURIAL OF SARDINE
• -a Spanish ceremony celebrated on ash Wednesday
• -allow society to be reborn, transformed with new vigor
ROMANTIC PAINTING(landscape painting)
• - Depicts the physical world, including mountains, valleys, vegetation,
and bodies of water.
• - The sky plays a significant role in shaping the mood.
• - Ranges from highly detailed and realistic to impressionistic,
romantic, and idealized.
FAMOUS LANDSCAPE ARTIST DURING
ROMANTIC PERIOD:
• Theodore rousseau
• Jean-baptize-Camille corot
• -members of barbizon school(circle of artist) that led romantic
landscape painting in France.
THEODORE ROUSSEAU AND HIS ART
WORK
• DER KLEINE FISCHER
• LANDSCAPE WITH A PLOWMAN
JEAN-BAPTISTE-CAMILLE COROT AND
HIS ART WORK
• THE CHURCH OF MARISSEL, NEAR BEAUVAIS
• LE REPOS SOUS LES SAULES
ROMANTIC SCULPTURES
-Romantic sculpture can be divided into works that concern about the
human world and those that concern the natural world. The leading
sculptors of each type were Rude and Barye.
FRANCOIS RUDE(1784-1855) FRANCE
• -known for social art which aimed to inspire/capture the interest of
broad public
• -sculpture in favor of a dynamic, emotional style and created many
monuments
ART WORKS OF RUDE
DEPARTURE OF A VOLUNTEERS
-know as La Marseillaise, this work portrays the goddess liberty urging
force of French revolution onward
-JEANNE D’ ARC are his 2nd work
ANTOINE-LOUIS BARYE (1796-1875)
FRANCE
• -famous animal sculpture
• -studied anatomy of his subjects by sketching animals at zoo
• -his two art works are HERCULES SITTING ON A BULL and THESUS
SLAYING THE MINATOUR
GOTHING REVIVAL ARCHITECTURE
(NEOGHOTIC)
• -also refered to as Victorian gothic or neo-gothic
• Architectural movement in 1740s(England)
• - Castellation: Walls and towers crenellated in imitation of medieval
castles.
• - Often referred to as "castles," despite not serving as defensive
structures.
• - Example: Strawberry Hill(LONDON), the most famous work of the
decorative phase of the Gothic Revival.
GHOTHIC REVIVAL USAGE
• - Widely adopted for churches and civic buildings in the Western
world, particularly in Britain and the United States.
• - Common materials included bricks and stones.
ARCHITECTS WHO USED NEOGOTHIC
STYLE
CHARLES BERRY
• The name behind Britain foremost ghotic revival monument, the
westninster palace(the houses of parliament)
JAMES RONWICK
• Crowning American work: the st Patrick’ cathedral (new York)
NEO-CLASSICISM and ROMANTICISM
IN THE PHILIPPINES
• In the Philippines, Neoclassicism and Romanticism ideologies are
evident in major artworks, including paintings, sculptures, and
architectural structures.
FELIX RESURRECCION HIDALGO Y
PADILLA (1855-1913
• Influential Filipino painter in late 19th century.
• Inspired Philippine reform movement.
• Portrayed Christian female slaves mocked by Roman men CALLED THE
CHRISTIAN VIRGINS BEING EXPOSED TO THE POPULACE
Juan luna y novicio (1857-1899)
• A painter and sculpture
• First recognize pinoy artist
• Political activist
• Famous works
• -”spoliarium” a latin word refering to the basement of the roman
colosseum, depicts glimpse of roman history on the body carnage
brought by gladiatorial matchs
Luna's "Spoliarium":
• Allegory of Imperial Rome and Imperial Spain.
• Depicts colonial oppression of indigenous populations.
• Symbolized by Romans dragging dead gladiators.
FERNANDO CUETO AMORSOLO(1892-
1972)
• National Artist in Painting.
• Portraitist and painter of rural Philippine landscapes.
• Popular for craftsmanship and mastery of light.
• “PLANTING RICE WITH MAYON VOLCANO” is one of his works
GUILLERMO ESTRELLA
TOLENTINO(1890-1976)
• - Filipino sculptor.
• - Named National Artist for the Visual Arts in 1973.
• - Hailed as the "Father of Philippine Arts.“
• - “THE ORIGINAL OBLANATION AT THE 3RD FLOOR OF THE MAIN
LIBRARY OF U.P. DILIMAN” and “PAMBANSANG BANTAYOG NI ANDRES
BONIFACIO” are his famous works
NAPOLEON ISABELO VELOSO ABUEVA
• - National Artist for Sculpture.
• - Known as the "Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture."
• - Only Boholano given the distinction of National Artist in Visual Arts.
• “SIYAM NA DIWATA NG SINING” ARE ONE OF HIS WORKS
• There is an article on the internet by R.G. Chan &
Associates that discusses some of the
Neoclassical and Romantic Architecture during
the American colonization in the Philippines.
Neoclassical and Romantic Architecture during
American colonization in the Philippines.

• BEREAU OF SCIENCE AND INSULAR • ZAMBOANGA NORMAL SCHOOL

LABORATORY • CORREGIDOR ISLAND
• ILOILO CUSTOMS HOUSE
• EXECUTIVE HOUSE
• SORSOGON MUNICIPAL BUILDING
• BAGUIO GOVERNMENT CENTER
• PACO TRAIN
• ELKS CLUB
• LAGUNA PROVINCIAL CAPITOL
• MANILA POST OFFICE
• SANFERNANDO PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL
• CEBU NORMAL SCHOOL
• BANTOC CATHOLIC CHURCH
• NEGROS OCCIDENTAL PROVINCIAL CAPITOL • AMERICAN HIGH COMMISSION MANSION
• LAOAG NORMAL SCHOOL • UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES MANILA
NEOCLASSICAL AND ROMANTIC
STYLES ARE VERY DIFFERENT FROM
EACH OTHER
NEOCLASSICISM AND ROMANTICIS CONTRAST WITH
EACH OTHER SHOWCASING DISTINCT
CHARACTERISTICS EVIDENT IN ARTWORK

Neoclassicism: Romanticism:
• Reason • Passion
• Nature defined as human nature • Nature defined as natural environment
• Society more important than the individual • The individual more important than society
• Imitation • Originality
• Tradition • Experimentation
• Rules and order • Freedom
• Mechanical form (imposed from outside) • Organic form (growing from inside)
• Logic • Intuition
• Reason • Imagination, Emotion
• Attempted objectivity • Accepted subjectivity
• Town or cultivated landscape • Country, preferably untouched nature
• Constraint • Spontaneity
• Conformity • Independence, Rebellion
• Cultivated, formal, social • The primitive becomes focus
SUMMARY
• Neoclassicism (1740-1850):
• - Art forms produced in the late 18th century.
• - Influenced by Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.
• - Famous artists include J.A.D. Ingres, Jacques-Louis David, Robert
Smirke, Robert Adam, Antonio Canova, Jean-Antoine Houdon, and
Bertel Thorvaldsen.
• - Neoclassic style prominent in paintings, sculptures, and architecture
of the 18th century.
ROMANTIC PERIOD SUMMARY
• Romanticism highly contrasts Neoclassicism. It is
• a reaction to the classical and contemplative
• nature of Neoclassical pieces. It seeks modernism
• and expresses emotion through art. Famous artists
• in this era were Jean Louis Theodore Gericault,
• Eugene Delacroix, Francisco Goya, Francois Rude,
• and Antoine-Louis Barye. Landscape painting
• became more popular due to the people's romantic
• adoration of nature. Theodore Rousseau and Jean-
• Baptiste-Camille Corot led the Romantic landscape
• painting in France.
GOTHIC PERIOD SUMMARY
• Gothic Revival Architectural Movement (Late 1740s):
• - Originated in England.
• - Widely adopted for churches and civic buildings throughout the
Western world, especially in Great Britain and the United States.
GLOSSARY
• Aesthetic: Concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty.
• Apex: Top, peak, summit, climax.
• Balustrade: A railing with vertical supports along the edge of the roof.
• Castellation: The crenellated walls and towers in imitation of medieval
castles.
• Chausseurs: Certain light cavalry or infantry troops trained for rapid
maneuver.
• Contours: Surface, especially of a curving form.
• Decadent: Having low morals and a great love of pleasure, money, fame,
etc.
GLOSSARY
• Discrete: Separate and different from each other.
• Grandeur: A great and impressive quality.
• Peculiar: Not usual or normal.
• Peristyle: A building with a continuous line of columns around it.
• Pre-eminent: More important, skillful, or successful than others;
better than others.
• Prolific: Producing a large amount of something.
• Vigor: Substantial effective energy or force; resilient strength of body
or mind.