CHEMISTRY CESS, SPRING 2023

CHEM2010
 Teacher: Dr. Phan Van Hoa
01/2016-3/2021: Research Fellow, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.

11/2014-12/2015: Postdoctoral Associate, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, USA.

9/2009-11/2014: PhD, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, USA

https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=0rZq0GEAAAAJ&hl=en
Lectures: 10.30 AM AM to 12.20 AM on Wednesday

Course outcomes are primarily assessed through homework

assignments, labs, and exams: Two (2) Midterm Exams (38%),
Homework Assignments (7%), Attendance (5%), Labs (20%), One (1)
Final Exam (30%).

Attendance (%)
90 - 100 5%
80 - < 90 4%
70 - < 80 2%
50 - < 70% 1
< 50% 0

The 1st Midterm is on the 4th or 5th week

The 2nd Midterm is on the 9th or 10th week

Textbook(s) and other Recommended text:
required materials
1. D. A. McQuarrie, P. A. Rock, and E. B. Gallogly, General Chemistry,
University Science Books, 4th Edition, 2010.
Topics covered/ 1. Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
Indicative Syllabus
2. Chemical Bonding – The Formation of Materials
3. Chemical Equations and Mass Balance
4. Acids and Bases
5. Properties of Gases
6. Chemical Equilibrium
7. Thermodynamics and Energy Balance
8. Kinetics and the Rate of Chemical Reactions
9. Oxidation - Reduction Reactions
10. Electrochemistry
11. Solids
12. Solution Chemistry
13. The Chemistry of the Transition Metals
Class/Laboratory Schedule Lectures: Two 50 min lectures per week
Homework: 4-5 homework assignments
Exams: Two (2) midterm exams and one (1) final exam.
Labs: There​​are​ten (10)​​labs.​
1. E1: Determination of Chemical Formula
2. E2: pH Measurements and Acid/base Titrations.
3. E3: Mole Percent Oxygen in Air
4. E4: Enthalpy of Formation
5. E5: Chemical Equilibrium
6. E6: Chemical Kinetics
7. E7: Reduction-Oxidation Reactions
8. E8: Galvanic Cells
9. E9: Electrolysis
10. E10: Synthesis of a Complex Iron Salt
 TEXTBOOK:

D. A. McQuarrie, P. A. Rock, and E. B. Gallogly, General Chemistry, University Science Books, 4th
Edition, 2010.
 TOPIC: ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND THE PERIODIC TABLE

1. Discovery the particles in atoms.

 Shell: electrons (e) (J. J. Thomson, 1897)

Atom

Nucleus Proton (P), Rutherford, 1911

Neutron, James Chadwich, 1932

1 e = 1.60219 10-19 C

rNucleus ~ 10-5 rAtom

Given the atomic mass of Fe is 55.85 g/mol. The density of iron metal,
D = 7.87 g/cm3. Calculate the density of its nucleus ? knowing that the
nucleus radius = 10-5 radius of atom, and the weight of electron is
negligible.
Isotopes - # of electrons = # of protons

Z = # of proton = # of electrons = the atomic number

A: Mass number, A = p + n

Ex. C, 13C, 14C

12

Ex. Calculate the number of p and n in the nucleus of: 57Fe, 40K, 38Cl?

Fe: p = 26, n = 57-26 = 31

K, p = 19, n = 40-19 = 21
Cl, p = 17, n = 38 – 17 = 21
 2. The Shell Model of the Atom

2.1. Neils Bohr’s Model

 2. The Shell Model of the Atom

2.1. Neils Bohr’s Model

Assumptions
- Electrons rotate around the nucleus in different fixed
circles
- The orbiting electrons do not radiate energy (stationary
states)
- Classical laws of physics do not apply to the transitions
between stationary states, the electrons jump

- E = h = Einitial – Efinal

h: Plank’s constant = 6.626.10-34 m2kg/s, : frequency

2.2. The Quantum Mechanical Model

- The electron has both particle and wave-like natures

- Relation: De Broglie equation:

-  = h/(mv)
h: Plank’s constant = 6.626.10-34 m2kg/s
 = wavelength m: mass v: velocity

Ex. Calculate the wavelengths of:

- electron; and proton with the speed of these particles equal to the speed of light
- me = 9.1095.10-31 kg; mp = 1.6726.10-27 kg
- Electron  = 6.626.10-34 /(9.1095.10-31*3.108) = 0.242.10-11 = 2.42.10-12 m = 2.42 10-2 A
- Proton  = 6.626.10-34 /(1.6726.10-27 *3.108) = 1.32.10-15 = 1.32 . 10-5A
- We do not know the detailed pathway of an electron.
- Heisenberg uncertainty principle:

x: uncertainty in position

v: uncertainty in velocity
When x  0 then v  ∞
When v  0 then x  ∞

Atomic Orbital is the area that the possibility of finding the electron is about 90%
- The Schrödinger equation:

(E-U)Ψ = 0

HΨ = EΨ

E: energy U: potential
Ψ: wave function H: Hamiltonian operator

Answer: E and Ψ
Ψ2 is the possibility of the electron
∞

∫ Ψ 2 dv = 1
0
- Four quantum numbers are:

a. The principal quantum number, n.

n = 1, 2, 3, 4…..
n: electron shells

- Energy of the shells: E = -13.6*Z2/n2 (eV)

n 1 2 3 4
K L M N
b. Subshell, l, azimuthal quantum number

Each n has n subshells, or n values of l

l = 0, 1….n-1

- l is equal to the number of nodal planes, the shape of orbitals

l = 0, s l = 1, p l = 2, d l =3, f
spherical Dumb bell Double dumb bell

n = 1, l = 0, 1s

n= 2, l = 0, 2s
l =1, 2p
n= 3, l = 0, 3s
l =1, 3p
c. Magnetic quantum number, ml
)
ml = + l,….0….,-l; (

each l has 2l +1 values of ml

ml: the direction of the orbitals

l =0 ml = 0

…….
 Week 2

c. Magnetic quantum number, ml

 s p d f
l 0
ml 1
Number of 1
AO
Ex. 2. What are the maximum number of electrons in L, M, N subshells?
 3. Electronic Assignments

- The electrons are assigned to the shells, subshells, and orbitals in the order of

increasing energy

- The Pauli Exclusion Principle: No more than TWO electrons

can occupy one orbital.

- Hund’s rule: Within a subshell, electrons will fill the orbitals

individually, before filling them in pairs.

Madelung’s rule: The order energies of the subshells is determined by n+l. For the same

n+l, smaller n has lower energy

 Periodic Law

The physical and chemical properties of the elements recur periodically in a systematic and
predictable way when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number
Atomic Radius
Ionization Energy
Electronegativity
Medelung’s rule

1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 3d, 4s, 4p, 4d, 4f, 5s, 5p, 5d, 5f, 6s, 6p, 6d, 6f…

- The order of increasing energies of the subshells is determined by n+l. For the same n + l,
the smaller n has lower energy

1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 3d, 4s, 4p, 4d, 4f, 5s, 5p, 5d, 5f, 6s, 6p, 6d, 6f…
l = h/mv

l 6.626.10-34/(9.1095.10-31*3.108) = 0.24.10-11 = 2.4.10-12 m = 2,4.10-2 Å

 WEEK 1

TOPIC: ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND THE PERIODIC TABLE

1. Discovery the particles in atoms.

(Text book chapter 2, page 51 to 64)

- What are particles found in the atom?

- Who were the first persons to discover them?

- The properties of these particles, such as charge, mass?

- What is the relative radius of the nucleus to the atom ?

- What are the atomic number and mass number?

 2. The shell model of the atom

(Textbook: Chapter 5)

What makes the firework so colorful?

2.1. Neils Bohr’s Model

- What are the assumptions in the Bohr’s model of the atom ?

- Limitations of this Model?

2.2. Quantum Mechanical Model

(Textbook: Chapter 5)

- What is the dual nature of the subatomic particles, such as electron?

- Why the dual nature is more dominant with the subatomic particles, not with big objects?

- What is Heisenberg uncertainty principle?

- What is the Schrodinger equation?

- What are the four quantum numbers obtained from solving the Schrodinger Equation?

- What are possible values of these four quantum numbers ?

 3. Electron Assignments

(Textbook: Chapter 5)

- What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle?

- What is Hund’s rule?

- What is Madelung’s Rule?

- Write the electron configurations of the atoms with atomic numbers Z = 16; 24; 48; 80
4. Periodic table of the Elements