 Intentional, dishonest

 Copying, buying, downloading someone else’s

paper
 Cutting and pasting without using quotation marks

 Unintentional, often results from lack of skill

 Distinguishing types of knowledge
 Paraphrasing and summarizing
 Incorporating quotations into one’s own sentences
 Note-taking procedures
 another person's idea, opinion, or theory.

 any facts, statistics, graphs, drawings-any

pieces of information-that are not common
knowledge.

 quotations of another person's actual spoken

or written words.
 paraphrases of another person's spoken or
written words.
 When do I need to cite?
 Whenever you borrow words or ideas, you need to
acknowledge their source. The following
situations almost always require citation:
 whenever you use quotes
 whenever you paraphrase
 whenever you use an idea that someone else has
already expressed
 whenever you make specific reference to the work
of another
 whenever someone else's work has been critical in
developing your own ideas.
 Plagiarism
 It’s not just copying and pasting.
 If you copy a paragraph and simply replace
some of the words, it is still plagiarism.
 You need to paraphrase and cite!
 The ramifications are SEVERE.
 What is Summarizing?
 Putting another’s main ideas into your own
words
 Cuts a selection down to about one-third of its
original length
 Shortens passage without sacrificing basic
meaning (a condensed version)
 Must be attributed to original source
 CITED!
 What is Paraphrasing?
 Putting another’s ideas into your own words
using your own sentence structure
 Does not shorten passage much, if at all
 Must be attributed to original source
 CITED!
 Change key words
 Change structure of sentence
 Change structure of paragraph
 Use quotation marks for key words or phrases
that you can’t put in your own words.
 Try to paraphrase without looking at the
original text
 Or, just use a few key words to remind you of your
writing subject
 Reread the original passage until you
understand its full meaning.
 Set the original aside, and write your
paraphrase on a note card.
 Jot down a few words below your paraphrase
to remind you later how you envision using
this material. At the top of the note card, write
a key word or phrase to indicate the subject of
your paraphrase.
 Check your paraphrase with the original to
make sure that your version accurately
expresses all the essential information in a new
form.
 Use quotation marks to identify any unique
term or phraseology you have borrowed
exactly from the source.
 Record the source (including the page) on your
source notes so that you can credit it easily if
you decide to incorporate the material into
your paper.
 Direct Quotes
 In addition to summarizing and
paraphrasing the information you find, you
want to have direct quotes, too.
 This is when you copy word for word from
the source and put quotation marks around
it with the citation.
 Use direct quotes when the quotes carry
deep meaning (i.e.: it’s so eloquent, you
don’t want to reword it) or for statistics, etc.
 All Three!
 You need to have at least 1 summary, 1
paraphrase, and 1 direct quote from each of
your sources in your source notes (I would do
as much as possible so you aren’t left with a
lack of info!!).
 In your paper, you must utilize all three of
these in a balanced manner (not just relying on
quotes, etc).
 REGARDLESS OF WHICH, YOU MUST ALWAYS
CITE. THEY ARE NOT YOUR IDEAS/WORDS.
 Source Notes
 Put your source info (quotes, summaries,
paraphrases) in the second column of your
source notes
 Source Notes
 Analyze the information you find in the third
column. This will help you figure out how to
use what you found. This is your own words.
 Source Notes
 The first column is for organizing the
information you found. We will worry about
this when you do your outline.
 Taking Notes
 When you put your info in your source
notes pages, you need to make sure that you
get the actual source info you need for the
citation.
 Write the source down on the bottom of the
source page. EVERYTIME YOU SWITCH
SOURCES, SWITCH PAGES so that all of your
info is organized and you don’t confuse
where you got what.
 Taking Notes
 The sources you write down need to be in
MLA format. If they aren’t, you could be
missing crucial information for the citation.
Do it when you have the source in your
hand.
 For the database journals, Mrs. Ebert will
show you a cool way of emailing the citation
to yourself.
 Works Cited
 When you make your Works Cited page
(that goes at the end of your paper), you will
put these sources in a list (alphabetized).
 This just shows all of the sources you used
for your paper in one spot.