OBJECTIVES

What is Electrical conductivity

Electrical conduction of glasses
Temperature dependency in electrical conduction
Mobility,Electron concentration ,Activation energy
P type to N type charge shift effect

1
What is conductivity?
Electrical conductivity is the measure of the amount
of electrical current a material can carry or it's ability to carry a
current. Electrical conductivity is also known as specific
conductance. Conductivity is an intrinsic property of a material.
Electrical conductivity (σ) is the reciprocal of the electrical resistivity (ρ):
σ = 1/ρ
where resistivity for a material with a uniform cross section is:
ρ = RA/l
where R is the electrical resistance, A is the cross-sectional area, and l is the
length of the material
2
Electronic conduction of glass
Basically glasses are insulator but some types of glasses have conduction
property .For electric conduction glass need some Conditions which have
to fullfil…they are:
1.Oxide glasses
2.Contains metal ions
3.Have multivalent transitions of that’s ions.
Normally vanadium ,iron,cobalt and megnesiaum Ions are scatters in the
matrixs of phosphate ,borate or silicate and some chalcogenide glass
(sulfur,selenium,tellurium etc but excluding oxygen)

3
Electrical conductions Dependency
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCY
The temperature dependance of electronic conduction of glasses is like to
metal or crystalline materials …

4
Mobility,Concentration,Activation Energy
In the glassy matrix with the increase of concentration of trasition metal
oxide the conductivity also increase in the case of concentration
decreasing that also decrease ….
With the increase of temperature activation energy also increasing so the
mobility of ions become low .
>SPECIAL NOTE<
The number of charge carrier is not the function of temperature .thus the
increase of activation energy with the temperature is attributed the
mobility term rather then the concentration term…

5
Conductivity ,resistivity vs tempereature graph for
vanadium and ferus oxide in phosphate glass matrix

6
P type to N type charge effect on electrical resistivity
IN the following graph the conductivity is maximum when the ratio of
Fe3+/Fe (total) is about .4 to .6 indicates the conductivity is maximum but
also a charge from p type to n type
Conduction as the trivanlent ion
content Increased…..