ARGUMENTS IN

MANIFESTOES
 ARGUMENTS IN
MANIFESTOES
An argument is a set of Manifesto is defined as a
ideas put together to prove written statement declaring
a point. It is different from publicly the intentions,
the“real world’ meaning motives, or views of its issuer.
where an argument
denotes “fight” or “conflict”.

ARGUMENT MANIFESTO
AN ARGUMENT CONSISTS OF THESE PARTS:
THERE ARE THREE MAJOR
WAYS THAT AUTHORS
PRESENT AN ARGUMENT:

Reasoning – giving logical explanation of

the argument.

Evidence – presenting statistics, facts, and

studies

Appeal – stimulate the reader's emotions

TYPES OF ARGUMENTS
proceeds from general ideas/facts to specific
inferences
Example:
Premise 1:All men are mortal (major
premise/very general statement)
Premise 2:Railey is a man. (minor
premise/more specific)
Conclusion: Railey is a mortal. (very specific
statement)

DEDUCTIVE ARGUMENTS
 TYPES OF ARGUMENTS
derives from specific observations lead to a
general conclusion
Example:
Premise: The past Marvel movies have been
incredibly successful at the box office.
Conclusion: Therefore, the next Marvel movie will
probably be successful

INDUCTIVE ARGUMENTS
 IDENTIFYING THE ARGUMENT
When reading, you need to identify the arguments to understand the main points.
In paragraphs, a topic sentence identifies the main claim or main idea. To find it,
follow these steps:
Find the sentence
within the
01 Read the 02 Ask, “What is 03 Summarize the 04 paragraph that best
paragraph the paragraph content in your matches the
about? own words summary. This isthe
stated claim of the
paragraph.
IN ORDER TO BEGIN ANALYZING AN
ARGUMENT, YOU MUST FIRST LOOK AT
THE EVIDENCE PRESENTED TO YOU,
THEN ASK QUESTIONS BASED on that
evidence.

Ask questions like,

• "Based on the evidence, is there a
different explanation or claim possible?"
• "Is the evidence convincing and sound?"
• "How does the argument/evidence
compare with others you've read?"
LEARNING TASK 1:
THINK ABOUT IT
 Directions: Using what you have learned
LEARNING TASK 2: from the discussion part, determine your
stand on the following situations and give
THINK ABOUT IT brief reasons for each of your stance.
Agree/Disagree = Reason

1. Students must be given all considerations and

shall be promoted to the next grade level even if
they fail to comply the necessary academic
requirements
2. Education is the primary key towards better
future
3. Quarantines bring more harm than benefits
4. The government response to the COVID19
Pandemic is appropriate and effective.
5. Learning is still relevant and meaningful despite
having no face-to-face interactions
 Read the excerpt below comprehensively. Then answer the questions that
follow.
“That was during your time. It was your time when you were still in
LEARNING TASK 3:
position. If you’re bright, why did we lose it? Now it’s China who’s holding
EXPLORE YOUR it. And it’s me you’re pressuring to find a solution,” Duterte said in
Filipino.
THOUGHTS! The Philippines might have won its case against China at the Permanent
Court of Arbitration at The Hague. But Duterte said: “Nobody in the
United Nations will go to war for us.”
So the Philippines was “at a loss how to get back physically the West
Philippine Sea,” he added.
The President also said China’s grip on the disputed sea was already
tight when he assumed office. “When I got here, we had already lost.
China really assumed that it was theirs,” Duterte
said. “So I have a choice of going to war. We’re all going to die because
we don’t have arms. I will just send my soldiers to
hell, which I will never do. I will not let my soldiers fight. If there has to
be a fight, then we have to win,” he went on.
Answer the following questions:
1. What is the main argument of the speaker in the text?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

2. Cite strong supporting ideas to his arguments.

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

3. State your agreement or disagreement on the speaker’s argument. Then state

your reasons by citing evidences of your argument.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Kinds of Position Paper
What is a position paper?

(in business and politics) a written report outlining

someone's attitude or intentions regarding a particular
matter.
Considerations in Writing a Position Paper

The Thesis
The thesis statement is the one that will dictate the direction of your paper

The Introduction
This part will attract the reader to read your paper or dismiss them if it does not look
appealing. A good introduction will make the reader to read the entire position paper.

The Conclusion
Summarize all your points and give your view on the argument

The references
List the reference material used in your research just in case the reader needs to
confirm something from your points.
Writing Effective Position Papers

1.Think in debate mode. You have to choose a side and argue in

favor of your point of view.

2. Consider the opposing side. You must consider the other

viewpoint and dismantle it in your paper, using enough details
to show that you understand both sides.
3. Include evidence. Although you are expressing your personal
opinion, it must be upheld by references to specific details —
supporting facts, arguments, and quotations — in order to
achieve validity.

4. Use vivid verbs, concrete nouns. In a position paper, avoid

using the passive voice and words such as “maybe, perhaps,
possibly, etc.” that weaken your argument. Phrases like “in my
opinion” are also needless and sound apologetic instead of
certain; if you’re writing the paper, it’s obviously your opinion.
How to write a position papers?

1. Understanding the topic given

2. Ensure your topic can easily be arguable

3. List the advantages and disadvantages for both sides of the argument

4. Pick your position and formulate your points

5. Understand your audience position on the matter