Transmission electron

microscopy (TEM)
Group 5:
1. Ninh Thi Bich Ngoc
2. Nguyen Thi Nhan
3. Le Thi Thu
 TEM is a microscopy technique in which:
+ a beam of electrons is transmitted through an ultra-thin
specimen
+ interacting with the specimen as it transmitted through
 The first TEM was built by Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska in 1931

+ developing the first TEM with resolution greater than that of

light in 1933
+ the first commercial TEM in 1939
 TEM using beams of high –energy electrons, so that
components of TEM placed in ultra-high vacuum column
a. Structure:
+ Electron gun
+ Apertures
+ Lens system and prism
 Electron gun:

+ Electrons are emitted by

electron gun

+ There are two ways to generate

the electron beam:
- Use the electronic thermal emission sources: Electronics
are emitted from a heated cathode
- Using field emission gun: Electronics emitted from the
cathode by a large voltage placed on electronic sources
 Lens system and prism
+ Condenser lens: focused electron beam emitted from the gun and
controls as well as the size of the beam convergence
+ Objective lens: record electrons beam from the sample and
adjustment in definition
+ Diffraction lens: focus and create electron diffraction
+ Lorentz lens: image the structure of solids ,inscribed angle
+ Magnifying lens:
+ prism: bending effect paths of electrons
 Apertures: to change the properties of the electron beam

+ Condenser Aperture
+ Objective Aperture
+ Selected Area Aperture
b.The TEM imaging
 When an electron beam irradiated to the sample, the electron
beam will transmitted through, imaging similar to in a light
microscopy, but electron beam energies up to 300 keV.
+ The image quality depends on the imaging mode
+ Under nanometer resolution
+ For high resolution images require careful sample
preparation
+ Contrast of TEM image depends on the interaction of the
electron with the atoms of the sample (the ability to scatter
electrons)
 Recorded and observed images: fluorescent screen and optical
films, Charge-couple Device Camera
 Bright-field imaging:
+ As imaging mode where the
objective lens aperture will be
brought in to catch the beam
perpendicular direction. Thus,
the model allows the
transmitted beam is
perpendicular to the light and
cause the beam deflection will
be dark.
+Bright field images are
basically large brightness
 Dark-field imaging:
+ As imaging mode that will beam
lighting angle aperture objective lens
so that the beam will be deflected
inspired a small angle (this is done by
creating diffraction before, each
diffraction lines correspond with an
angle).
+ Picture obtained will be the bright
white spots on a dark background.
+ Bright regions corresponding to the
angle template is selected, the
background is dark from the other
areas.
+ Dark field images are very sensitive to
the crystal structure and the sharpness
of the high crystal
 High-Resolution
Transmission Electron
Microscopy (HRTEM)
+ Other than in the ordinary
mode TEM, HRTEM imaging
by phase contrast mechanisms,
phase imaging of individual
pixels.
 TEM image with large TEM image with high
magnification (a) resolution (b)
These images were taken at the same magnification 490
thousand times, but the image (a) does not achieve high resolution.
c. Advantages of TEM
 TEMs offer the most powerful magnification, potentially
over one million times or more
 TEMs have a wide-range of applications and can be utilized
in a variety of different scientific, educational and industrial
fields
 TEMs provide information on element and compound
structure
 Images are high-quality and detailed
 TEMs are able to yield information of surface features,
shape, size and structure
 They are easy to operate with proper training
d. Disadvantanges of TEM
 TEMs are large and very expensive
 Laborious sample preparation
 Potential artifacts from sample preparation
 Operation and analysis requires special training
 Samples are limited to those that are electron transparent,
able to tolerate the vacuum chamber and small enough to fit
in the chamber
 TEMs require special housing and maintenance
 Images are black and white
Thank you for watching !!