UNIVERSITY OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES,

BAGALKOT

COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE, BENGALURU

Course: Advances in Integrated pest management in Horticulture ecosystem

HET-607(2+0)

Presented by : Kamala, D. G.
UHS19PGD359
1 Ph. D (Entomology)

18 February 2020

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2 Cultural Time/
Physical

IPM
Farmer image

Chemical Biological

MACHANICAL
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Mechanical Management Of
Insect Pest Management

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4 Mechanical method of control ???
Use of mechanical force or manual labour either for destruction or
exlusion of the pests

 Mechanical pest control is the management and control of pests using

physical means such as fences, barriers or electronic wires.

 Many farmers at the moment are trying to find sustainable ways to remove
pests without harming the ecosystem.

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Mechanical method of control -3 methods

1. Mechanical destruction

2. Mechanical exclusion

3. Appliances based on mechanical control method

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1. Mechanical destruction

a. Hand picking Caterpillars

b. Hooking Rhinoceros beetle adult
C. Sieving and Stored product insect
winnowing
d. Shaking plants- To dislodge caseworm in
rice -to dislodge June
beetles from neem trees

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a. Hand picking of caterpillars
a) Easily accessible to the picker
b) Large and conspicuous
C) Present in large numbers.
 Hairy caterpillars: Red hair caterpillar
 American boll worm
 Leaf rollers
 Tobacco caterpillar
 Cabbage butterfly
 Mustard sawfly
 Epilachnn beetle
 White grubs

Egg masses of Spodoptera and RHC

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 b. Hooking
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 Hooking of rhinoceros beetle adult with iron

hook

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9 c. Shaking of plants
 To dislodge caseworm in rice
Paddy caseworm
 To dislodge June beetles from Neem trees
 Shaking the vines ( Grapes) – disoldge flee beetle

Root grub

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11 d. Sieving and winnowing

These are commonly employed against insect pests of

stored grains.

A good number are removed with these operations

 particularly the grubs of red flour beetle, Tribolium

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2. Mechanical exclusion
a. Wrapping of fruits Against pomegranate fruit
borer
b. Banding with grease Against mango mealy bug
C. Trenching For larvae of red hairy
caterpillar
d. Tin barrier Around coconut tree trunk
to prevent rat damage

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a. Wrapping of fruits against pomegranate fruit borer.

Wrapping individual fruits of

pomegranate and citrus with butter paper
envelope to save them from attack of the
anar butterfly & fruit-sucking moths
respectively.

 Fruits wrapped in paper bags or cloth or

straw remain protected to the extent of nearly
95 per cent against fruit flies.

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 b. Banding with grease - against mango mealy bug
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This is effective against ants and mealy bugs

which crawl up the trunk from the soil to the

shoots.
The banding material like grease smeared
around trees trunk.

 Arrests the crawling insects below the

banded part where either they die of starvation
or by getting entangled with the sticky
banding material
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d. Trenching - locusts & larvae d. Tin barrier – rat damage

of red hairy caterpillar
 Digging trenches: Digging of 30 to
 Metallic sheet fixed around the
60 cm deep trenches or erecting 30
trunks in coconut to prevent rat
cm high tin sheet barriers around
damage
field is useful for protecting them
from moving bands of locusts and
hairy caterpillars.

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3. Appliances based on mechanical control method

a. Light traps Moths
b. Yellow sticky traps Attracting aphids and
jassids
C. Bait trap Fish meal trap for sorghum
shootfly
d. Methyl eugenol trap Fruit flies
e. Pheromone trap Aarious adult insects
f. TNAU automatic Stored product insect
insect removal bin

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a. Light traps

 Light traps for attracting and mass killing of several

species of moths and beetles

 The traps could still be useful for monitoring the

population of important pests in an area.

 Eg: Onion cutworms: @ 1/ha during summer to

attract male moths ( 6-10 am)
 Top borer and white grub damage in sugarcane

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b. Yellow sticky traps - for attracting aphids and jassids

Greenhouse white fly,

aphids & leafhoppers

•Tomato - Whiteflies, @10-12/ha n the main field

•Citrus psyllids and Black flies
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Different coloured traps

Insects Trap colour

Aphid Yellow
Thrips Blue
Mexican fruit fly Green, Yellow
Apple maggots Red, Yellow
Leaf hoppers Orange
Onion fly White, Blue

 Blue sticky trap – Thrips population monitoring in grape @ 4-20 traps/ha

Pomogranate thrips: @ 4- 10 traps/ acre
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c. Bait trap - fish meal trap for sorghum shootfly

 It is made of plastic jar with perforations of 4 mm diameter.

 The base of the jar connected to a collection jar by a funnel.
 Moistened fishmeal is kept in a small plastic container fixed to
the lid of the plastic jar.
 The lid also has a smaller container for keeping cotton soaked with
insecticide (DDVP) to kill the attracted flies.
 The killed flies are collected in the collection jars
Makawana,2015

Set up the TNAU low cost fish meal trap @ 12/ha till the crop is
30 days old. 18 February 2020
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d. Methyl eugenol trap - fruit flies

Lure Pest ( crop)

Methyl eugenol Fruit fly ( Mango)
Cue lure Fruit fly( cucerbits)

It should be installed in
orchard @ 5 traps/ha at 1.5m
height from the ground level.

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22 e. Pheromone trap - various adult insects
Lure Pest ( crop)
Gossyplure Pink bollworm ( cotton)
Helilure Helicoverpa armigera
Lucinure Brinjol shoot and fruit borer

Eg: Onion cutworm: Pheramone traps @ 5/ha to monitor and attract male moth
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 Advanced technology
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f. TNAU automatic insect removal bin - for stored product insects
 TNAU insect removal bin can remove insect automatically.
 The structure has 4 major parts - outer container, inner perforated container,
collection vessel and the lid.
 The model exploits wandering behaviour of stored product insects as well as the
movement of these insects towards well aerated regions.
 The grains are held in the specially designed inner perforated container.
 The space between inner and outer container provides good aeration for the insects.
 Insects, while wandering, enter the perforation to reach the aerated part and while
doing so, get slipped off and fall into the collection vessel through a pitfall
mechanism provided in the collection vessel.
 In order to quickly collect the insects, as and when they emerge from grains,
perforated (2 mm) rods are fixed in the inner container.
The container will be useful for storing rice, wheat, broken pulses, coriander
etc. The insects such as rice weevil, lesser grain borer, red flour beetle, saw
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toothed beetle,
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 Within a very short period of 10 days a majority of the insects (more
than 90 per cent) can be removed from the grains

The containers are available in 2 kg, 5 kg, 25 kg, 100 kg and 500 kg
capacities.

 Efficiency : Grains (paddy and sorghum) stored in Automatic

insect removal bin (100 kg and 500 kg) recorded only 1 - 4%
damage by insects compared to 33 to 65% damage in ordinary
bin after 10 months of storage.
 The population of insects (R. dominica, S. oryzae) ranged from 0
- 2 / kg in grain stored in 100 kg Automatic insect removal bin
compared to 5 - 191/ kg in ordinary bin after 10 months of storage
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 The latest devices used for monitoring and mass
trapping of the stored grains pests
Sl. No. Devices
1 TNAU Insect Probe Trap
2 Pitfall trap
3 TNAU TWO-IN-ONE MODEL
TRAP
4 TNAU Stack Probe

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Merits and Demerits

Merits Demerits

Home labour utilization Limited application

Ecologically safe and Good Require continuous use

component of IPM
Low equipment cost . Labour intensive

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 IN SUMMARY
Sl. Mechanical methods Methods Test pest
29 No of management
1 Hairy caterpillars: Red hair caterpillar, American boll worm,
Mechanical a. Hand picking Leaf rollers , Tobacco caterpillar,Cabbage butterfly, Mustard
sawfly
destruction
b. Hooking Rhinocerous beetle
c. Sieving and winnowing Stored grain pests
d. Shaking plants Case worm ( Paddy) & June beetles ( Neem)

2. Mechanical a. Wrapping of fruits Pomogranate fruit borer

exclusion b. Banding with grease - Mango mealy bug
c. Trenching Red hairy caterpillar
d. Tin barrier Rat damage

3. Appliances based on a. Light traps Adults moths

mechanical control b. Yellow sticky traps
method c. Bait trap - fish meal trap
d. Methyl eugenol trap
f. Pheromone trap
g. TNAU automatic insect
removal bin
Aphids, Whiteflies
Sorghum shoot fly
Mango fruit fly
Helicoverpa, Spodoptera, Lucinodes etc.,
Stored grain pests

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h an k
T 18 February 2020