A STUDY TO ASSESS THE PREVELANCE AND RISK FACTORS OF

MALARIA AMONG CHILDREN UNDERTEN YEARS OF AGE AT KIBITI

HEALTH CENTER IN KIBITI DISTRICT FROM AUGUST 2023 TO
SEPTEMBER 2023

DIPLOMA IN CLINICAL MEDICINE

AUTHOR:ANTONY P.MALISA
REG NO; NS0499/0055/2015
SUPERVISOR: MADAM SIFAA
 BACKGROUND/INTRODUCTION

Infection with Plasmodium falciparum can result into asymptomatic carriage, uncomplicated or severe
malaria. In endemic areas, many people experience asymptomatic Plasmodium infections particularly
children and where the different manifestation of malaria cases is a function of immunity with respect
to age and exposure to the parasite, the transmission is determined by environmental factors which
favor the breeding of the mosquitoes and poor socio-economic status. It causes more than 300 million
acute illnesses and one million deaths annually worldwide, and ninety per cent of mortalities are in
sub-Saharan Africa. (Sowunmi et al., 2017)

In high malaria transmission settings, symptomatic malaria is often in children below 10 years of age as
they have little exposure hence weak/ low immunity to the parasites On the other hand, asymptomatic
infections and gametocytes usually occur in older children and at submicroscopic densities, challenging
their diagnosis in the population..(Ayele et al., 2012)
 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Malaria is one of the most important public health problems worldwide. It is the leading
cause of morbidity and mortality in many developing countries, where young children 1
to 10years and pregnant women are most affected. It continues to be a major health
concern in Pwani and East Africa, South East Asia and Latin America.(Ayele et al., 2012).
After years of disease control efforts. In South East Africa, the threat of malaria is
exacerbated by increasing parasite resistance to medicines, and the free flow of
counterfeit and substandard antimalarial drugs. As of 2004, 107 countries and territories
have reported malaria transmission. It is estimated that worldwide approximately 3.2
billion people are at risk of malaria infection, WHO estimate that 350-500 million clinical
cases and more than 1 million deaths from malaria occur worldwide each year.
RATIONALE OF THE STUDY
Malaria in children under 10 years has been a long term problem in Pwani
Tanzania, this study will reveal what extent the burden of malaria in children
under 10 years in Kibiti district, Pwani. This study will explain prevalence and
risk factors for malaria among children under 10 years of age. This study will
also influence on the best way on decreasing the risk factor of malaria
among children.
 OBJECTIVES
Broad objectives
To assess the prevalence and risk factor of malaria among children under 10
years of age at Kibiti Health Center in Kibiti district from August 2023 to
September 2023
Specific objectives
1. To determine the prevalence of malaria among children under ten years of
age at Kibiti Health Center in Kibiti district from August 2023 to September
2023.
2. To determine the risk factors for malaria among children under ten years of
age at Kibiti Health Center in Kibiti district from August 2023 to September
2023
RESEARCH QUESTION

1. What is the prevalence of malaria among children under ten years

of age?
2. What are the risk factors for malaria among children aged underten
years of age ?
 LITERATURE REVIEW
• A study conducted in Nigeria revealed that presentation of severe malaria,
anaemia was present in 355 of 959 children (37%) and it was mild, moderate
or severe in 323 (33.7%), 30 (3.1%) or 2 children (0.2%), respectively.
Overall, asexual parasite positivity on day 3 was 29 of 959 children (3%) and
it was similar in all treatments groups [11 of 315 children (3%), 12 of 307
children (4%), and 6 of 337 children (2%).(Sowunmi et al., 2017)
• A study conducted in Mtwara revealed that in the 398 under five-year-old
children, 18(4.5%) and 20(5.0%) tested positive by RDT and microscopy,
respectively. Of the 385 who always used Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs), 16
(4.2%) had malaria, compared to four among the 13 who rarely/or never
used nets (30.8%). Thus there is a relationship between the use of the
treated nets and prevalence of malaria.(Rweyemamu& Mtango, 2014)
• A study conducted in Kiwangwa, Bagamoyo district, Tanzania
explained that detection of P. falciparum gametocytes was done by
both LM and qPCR methods. Prevalence of gametocytes in
asymptomatic school children was 2% by LM while by qPCR was
14%. Likewise, a sixfold increase on gametocyte prevalence was
detected in symptomatic children when the same methods were
compared.(Sumari et al., 2017)
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Study design
This is a prospective cross sectional study based on outcome
status of a disease studied at Kibiti Health Center
Study area
The study will be conducted at Kibiti Health Center at Pwani
Region Tanzania.
Study population
All children under 10 years of age attending and admitted at Kibiti
Health Center from August 2023 to September 2023
 Sample size
The sample size will be calculated as shown below:
Formula of sample size
N= Z2x P (100-P)
D2
Where
N= sample size required
Z= standard normal deviation set at 1.96
P= proportional of the patient had malaria 9.68%
D= standard set at 5
From the formula above

N= 1.962x9.68 (100-9.68)
52
 WORK PLAN
S/N ACTIVITY DURATION RESPONSIBLE PERSON

1 Organizing work activities 1 day Researcher

2 Data collection 10 days Researcher

3 Data analysis 5 day Researcher

4 Data interpretation 3 day Researcher

5 Research proposal 1 day Researcher and CCoHAS

presentation Staffs
6 Research proposal 1 day Researcher
submission
BUDGET
S/N ITEM QUANTITY COST SUBTOTAL

1 Pen 5@200 1000/= 1000/=

2 Printing 2 @ 3,800 7,600/= 7,600/=

4 Binding 2 @ 1,750 3,500/= 3,500/=

5 Breakfast 16 days @ 1,000 16,000/= 16,000/=

6 Lunch 16 days @ 2,000 32,000/= 32,000/=

7 Emergency 15,000/=

GRAND TOTAL 75,100/=

 BUDGET JUSTIFICATION

• The budget planned to focus on the essentials areas of the study

including effective and efficient use of both human and non human
resources.
The budget planned for proposal is 75,100/= Tanzanian shillings .
ENGLISH QUESTIONNAIRE
PART I:DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
1. What is the child’s age ?................
2. What is the child’s sex ?
a)Male
b)Female
PART II: QUESTIONS ABOUT PREVALENCE OF MALARIA
3. Have you ever had a malaria?
a)Yes
b)No
c)I don’t know
PART III: QUESTIONS ABOUT RISK FACTORS OF MALARIA
4. Do you know about malaria?
a)Yes
b)No
c)I don’t know
5. If the answer is yes, explain ……………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
6. Is a child sleep in treated net?
a)Yes
b)No
c)I don’t know

7 . In your environment there is a pond of water whose creates the production of mosquitos?
a)Yes
b)No
c)I don’t know
8. When the child had/have malaria did he/she gets medications on time or get medication
according to your physician instructions?
a)Yes
b)No
c)I don’t know
THANK YOU