Quarter 3 - Module 4

Current,
Resistivity, and
Resistance
GENERAL PHYSICS 2
Let’s turn off the
lights!
 WHAT IS
ELECTRICITY?
 WHAT IS
ELECTRICITY?
Electricity is a kind of energy that takes in
many forms, and one of these is the current
electricity or electric current.
 WHAT IS
ELECTRIC CURRENT?
Electric current refers to the interaction of
charges in motion from one region to another.
These moving charges are called electrons, which
is one of the subatomic particles of atom, the
smallest unit of matter.
 WHAT IS
ELECTRIC CIRCUIT?
Electric circuit, on the other hand, occur the
moment when the charges in motion within a
conducting path forms a closed loop. The path
refers to the electric circuit which serves as a
medium for transferring energy from one area to
another.
 CURRENT
Represented by capital (I) refers to the
motion of charges from one place to
another. It is the rate at which charges
flow through a circuit element or over a
cross-sectional unit of an area per unit
of time.
CONVENTIONAL CURRENT
The choice or preferred current flow,
so the moving charges are considered
positive, so it is assume that it is
moving in the same direction
with current.
FLOW OF CONVENTIONAL
Current (I) Actual Electron Flow
 Where:
I = current in Ampere
Q = charge in coulomb
t = time in seconds

A current of 1 Ampere (A) means that you

have 1 Coulomb of electric charge moving in
every second. Current is directly proportional
to charges, so the higher the charges the
higher the current, and it is inversely
proportional to time in seconds.
Example:
A current of 5 A flows through a resistor for 30 minutes. How many
electrons flow through the resistor during the time given?

Given: I = 5 A
t = 30 mins

Find: Q
Sol:
Example:
A current of 5 A flows through a resistor for 30 minutes. How many
electrons flows through the resistor during the time given?

Given: I = 5 A
t = 30 mins

Find: Electron
Sol:
 Ohm’s Law
Named after George Simon Ohm. It states that the
current is directly proportional to voltage and
inversely proportional to resistance.

Where:
V = voltage
I = current
R = resistance
 CONDUCTIVITY
The ability of the material to mobilize
charges. It is the opposite of resistivity.
Moreover, resistivity (p) is defined as the
resistance offered by the material directly
proportional to the length of the conductor
and inversely to its cross-sectional area. The
SI unit of resistivity is Ohmmeter (Ω.m).
Resistivity and Temperature
where,
PO = the resistivity at reference temperature range TO (often
taken as 0°C to 100°C)
PT = the resistivity at temperature T
α = the temperature coefficient of resistivity in unit 1/°C
Conductivity, σ (Greek letter sigma), is the reciprocal
of the resistivity. That is 1/ρ and is measured in
siemens per meter (S/m). Since electrical conductivity
σ = 1/ρ, the previous expression for electrical
resistance, R can be rewritten as:
 Based on the conductivity of the materials, they are
classified into three – conductors, semiconductors, and
insulators. Conductors have low resistivities ranging
from 10-8 Ω m to 10-6 Ω m while insulators have high
resistivities which can be 1018 times greater than metals.
Resistivity is indirectly proportional to the temperature.
In other words, as you increase the temperature of
materials, their resistivities will decrease.
QUIZ TIME
PREPARE 1 SHEET OF PAPER
Multiple choice
1. A charge of 60C and a time of 3s. What is
the current?
a. 50 A
b. 60 A
c. 30 A
d. 20 A
Multiple choice
2. With a current of 2 A and a time of 2 minutes.
What would be the charge? (convert minutes to
seconds).
a. 100 C
b. 150 C
c. 240 C
d. 100 C
Multiple choice
3. A charge of 150 C with a current of 10 A.
Solve for time.
a. 10 s
b. 20 s
c. 15 s
d. 5 s
Multiple choice
4. Refers to the motion of charges from one
place to another.
a. Current
b. Resistivity
c. Conductivity
d. Ohm’s Law
Multiple choice
5. A kind of energy that takes in many forms, and
one of these is the current electricity or electric
current.
a. Electricity
b. Resistivity
c. Current
d. Ohm’s Law
Solve the following problem relative to the resistivity
and conductivity.

1. A current of 5 amps drops by 4 volts of electric potential as it

moves through a resistance. What is the value of the resistance?

2. A current of 3.8 A flows in a wire for 12 minutes. How much

charge passes through any point in this circuit during this time?

3. A current of 3 A flows through a resistor for 3000s. How many

electrons flow through the resistor during the time given?
ANSWERS
1. ; t 3. ; 10 A
t
t
20 A t

2. ; t 4. A (Current)
t 5. A (Electricity)
ANSWERS
1. V ; I 3. I
0.8 Ώ Q
R
Q

2. I

t
Q
Q
THANK YOU