Module 01 - Introduction

Reading
Styles &
Technique
s Great Books
Learning At the end of the topic session, the

Outcomes
students should be able to:

Review the reading styles and

01 techniques; and

Differentiate the reading styles,

02 techniques, and critical
approaches to the study of
literature
 Activity 01:
Quotation
• Make a group with 3 members Interpretation
each, once grouped, one
representative will pick a random paper in the jar that has a
quotation written in it.
• Discuss your interpretation on it by answering the
following questions:
a. What does the quotation mean? Do you agree or disagree
with the statement?
b. What are the things you consider to interpret it effectively?
 Reading
Technique
s
 What is Reading
Technique?
This refers to different approaches to
reading that can be used in order to become
a better, more efficient, and more successful
reader.
 Cognitive
Process
This refers to any of the mental functions
assumed to be involved in the acquisition,
storage, interpretation, manipulation,
transformation, and use of knowledge.
 Cognitive
Processes
Decoding Deriving
Decoding involves taking apart Deriving is the process of
the sounds in words and taking, receiving, or
blending sounds together. This obtaining something from
requires both knowledge of a specified source.
letter-sound relationship.
Language
Acquisition
This is the process by
which the readers acquire
the ability to comprehend
and produce language.
 Skimmi
ng
This is a method of rapidly moving the eyes over
text to get only the main ideas and general
overview of the content.

• Pre-reading • Reviewing • Reading

 Scannin
g
This is a process of finding specific information
such as name, date, or fact without reading the
entire content.
 Phrase
reading
It is the process of grouping different bits of
information together into more manageable or
meaningful chunks. This is also called as
chunking.
 Yesterday, I went running with some friends. At first I
was tired, but then I started to get some energy. I raced
my friend Luis twice around the track. It was hard, but I
beat Luis for the first time ever!
 non-prose
reading
This refers to as GRAPHIC AIDS or VISUALS.
They contain valuable information which, when
written in sentences or paragraphs may be
difficult to understand.
 deep reading

It is the process of reading attentively and

carefully in order to maximize understanding and
enjoyment of a text. This is also called slow
reading.
a. What is the message of the comic strip? What
do you think is the intention of the artist who
made the comic strip?
 Critical
Approaches
to reading
literature
Critical
Approaches
These are different perspectives we consider when looking at a piece
of literature. They seek to give us answers to these questions, in
addition to aiding us in interpreting literature.

a. What do we read?
b. Why do we read?
c. How do we read?
A.
Deconstructionis
• This approach suggests that language is not a stable entity,
m Therefore, literature cannot give a reader any one single
and that we can never exactly say what we mean.

meaning, because the language itself is too ambiguous.

“Loving him was red, burning red.” - Red, Taylor Swift
B. Feminist
Criticism
• This tries to correct predominantly male-dominated
perspective with a feminist consciousness.
critical

• This form of criticism places literature in a social context and

employs a broad range of disciplines such as history,
psychology, sociology, and linguistics to create a perspective
that considers feminist issues.
to “increase our understanding
of women’s experience, both
in the past and present, and
promote our appreciation of
women’s value in the world”
C. Marxist
Criticism
• This is a strongly politically oriented criticism, deriving from
the social theories of the philosopher Karl Marx.
• Marxist critics insist that all use of language is influenced by
social class and economics.
• The struggle between the haves and the have-nots.
Marxists believe that divisions
in class structure were
potentially more important
than other concerns, such as
gender and race.
D. New
Criticism
• This evolved out of the same root theoretical system as
deconstructionism, called formalist criticism.
• This works with the elements of a text only - irony,
paradox, metaphor, symbol, plot, moral, etc., by
engaging in extremely close textual analysis.
“Evaluate work based
only on the text itself.”
E. New
Historicism
• This approach focuses on the literary text as part
of a larger social and historical context, and the
modern reader’s interaction with that work.
José Rizal wrote El
Filibusterismo after he
experienced the negative
repercussions of his first book,
Noli Me Tángere. His initial
account of the injustices within
the Philippines angered those
who held political power —
specifically the friars.
F. Psychological
Criticism
• The basis of this approach is the idea of the
existence of a human consciousness - those
impulses, desires, and feelings about which a
person is unaware but which influence emotions
or behavior.
This criticism helps us to
understand why the writer writes
the way he does, how have his
biographical circumstances affect
his writing and why do
characters in the story behave in
a particular way.
G. Queer Theory or Gender
Studies
• This questions and problematizes the issues of gender
identity and sexual orientation in literary texts.
• Queer theory overlaps in many respects with feminist
theory in its aims and goals, being at once political
and practical.
“It’s hard to be confident when they all
see me as a stereotypical gay boy who
can’t do sports.” -Charlie Spring
H. Reader-Response
Criticism
• This approach removes the focus from the text and
places it on the reader instead, by attempting to
describe what goes on in the reader’s mind during the
reading of a text.
As a reader, while critically reading
something you need to explore;

a. The theme and purpose of the text.

b. Your stance whether you like or
dislike the text.
c. Flaws in the plot
d. If you agree or disagree with the
writer’s perspective.
Any
Questions
?