NUTRITIONAL / METABOLIC

Pregnancy toxemia
Milk fever
Enterotoxemia
Floppy kid syndrome
Acidosis
Urinary calculi
Polioencephalomalacia
Listeriosis
Bloat
Copper-related
Selenium-related
 ENTEROTOXEMIA
OVEREATING DISEASE, PULPY KIDNEY DISEASE
DISEBABKAN OLEH ABSORBSI RACUN (TOKSIN) YANG DIBENTUK
OLEH BAKTERI

Usually affects fastest growing

Caused by bacteria, clostridium perfringins lambs/kids. It is not uncommon
type C & D to find them dead, with no
prior symptoms.

*Vaccine is not as effective in goats.

Terjadi karena Perubahan Pemberian Pakan yang Tiba-
Tiba
FLOPPY KID SYNDROME
FIRST DOCUMENTED IN 1987

 Terjadi pada anak lamb/kid

pada umur 3-10 hari (pada
kelahiran normal)
 Terjadi kelemahan pada otot
 Penyebab tidak diketahui,
tapi diduga karena gangguan
pencernaan pada usus dan
akibat acidosis
 Treat with sodium
bicarbonate and supportive
therapy.
 (LACTIC) ACIDOSIS
GRAIN OVERLOAD, GRAIN POISONING

 Caused by excessive consumption

of concentrates/grain which
changes acidity of rumen.
• Treat with antacids, sodium
bicarbonate.
Prevent with proper feed
management.
 Introduce and increase grain slowly in diet.
 Feed whole grains, grains that digest slower
 Include forage in diet.
 Split grain feedings; feed forage first.
 Buffering agents.
URINARY CALCULI
WATER BELLY, UROLITHIASIS, CALCULOSIS, KIDNEY STONES

• Blockage of urethra by calculi

(stones) causes retention of
urine.
• Wethers are most prone (early
castration).
• Treatment depends upon
severity of condition.
• Usually caused by too much
phosphorus in the diet, i.e. an
imbalance of calcium and
phosphorus in the ration (<
1:1).
URINARY CALCULI
WATER BELLY, UROLITHIASIS, CALCULOSIS, KIDNEY STONES

Proper ration balancing

 Ca:P ratio should be at least 2:1.
 Legumes are a good source of calcium.
 Cereal grains have a poor ratio of Ca:P.
 Commercial feeds are balanced for Ca and P.
 Do not add anything to balanced rations.
 Ground limestone can be added to the ration as a
source of calcium.
 Free choice minerals do not ensure proper intake
of minerals.
 Adequate water intake important
 Salt in ration (0.5% ammonium chloride in diet)
 POLIOENCEPHALOMALACIA
PEM, POLIO, CEREBROCORTICAL NECROSIS

Affects the central nervous system.

Mimics other neurological
conditions.
Caused by a thiamin (Vitamin B1)
deficiency
not insufficient thiamine, but the
inability to utilize it
Symptoms: blindness, star gazing.
Usually occurs in animals on high
concentrate diets, but may also
occur on pasture.
Treat with thiamine injections.
POLIOENCEPHALOMALACIA
PEM, POLIO, CEREBROCORTICAL NECROSIS

Polioencephalomalacia (PEM), juga disebut sebagai nekrosis

serebrokortikal (CCN), adalah penyakit saraf yang dilihat di ruminan
yang disebabkan oleh pelbagai faktor, salah satunya adalah penipisan
tiamin dalam badan. Tiamin adalah bahan kimia utama dalam
metabolisme glukosa bahawa, apabila kekurangan, paling mengancam
aktiviti neurologi. Sebagai tambahan kepada status tiamin yang diubah,
hubungan dengan pengambilan sulfur tinggi telah diperhatikan sebagai
penyebab PEM yang berpotensi. Penyakit toksik atau metabolik lain
(seperti keracunan plumbum akut, toksikosis natrium / kekurangan air)
boleh mengakibatkan PEM juga.[1] Lembu, domba, kambing, dan ruminan
lain yang didiagnosis menghidap PEM atau pra-PEM menderita
opisthotonus, buta kortikal, pergerakan disorientasi, dan akhirnya
kematian, jika tidak dirawat.[1] Data semasa menunjukkan bahawa
permulaan PEM boleh bermula dari kelahiran hingga akhir dewasa