GENDER &

LABOR
LESSON : 25
 Definition of terms
Labor-activities pertaining to developing goods and delivering services for
economic reasons

Workforce-a sector in the population engaged in economic and productive

actives
 INTRODUCTION

Women face different constraints from men in the labor market. This is
recognized in Republic Act 9710, known as the Magna Carta of Women,
enacted in 2009. In connection with employment, the Philippine
Commission on Women (PCW) indicates that the Magna Carta of Women
will level the playing field by making productive resources and economic
opportunities equally available for both men and women.
 EMPLOYMENT
SECTOR
AGRICULTURE
Women farmers do not have an equal
opportunity to acquire land or register it in
their own names. They have fewer
inheritance rights than male farmers. Land
ownership is important not only to
women’s ability to earn income, but also as
a source of empowerment and autonomy
within the household.
 EMPLOYMENT SECTOR

ENTREPRENEURSHIP INDUSTRYAND
There has been a rapid surge in the number and
MANUFACTURING
proportion of female entrepreneurs in  The number of women working in
developing countries (Minniti and Naude 2010, economic zones is estimated to represent
280). Studies indicate that female-led MSMEs
64% of total employment and may be
increase employment opportunities for women
much higher in some industries, such as
and contribute to wider development goals
electronics and apparel (World Bank
(ADB and ILO 2013a).
201ta).
 TOURISM
It appears that tourism planning has not
included women or has had insufficient regard
for gender issues. Within the tourism industry,
relatively few women have the educational
qualifications or foreign language skills to
compete for front-of-house positions in the
hotel industry, as tour guides, or in travel
agencies, and women are more likely to be
employed as housekeepers, waitresses, or
similar low-level positions.
 BUSINESS PROCESSING
OUTSOURCING
 The Philippines’ Information
Technology-Business Process
Outsourcing Road Map 2011-2016 is
not gender-responsive and does not
address women’s constraints in
accessing higher paid work in non-
voice services or the likely growth in
information technology and
engineering.
GOVERNMENT SERVICES
Public sector employment is an important source of jobs
with better pay and conditions for women than many other
industrial sectors, but women are constrained by being
predominately employed in traditional, gender-stereotyped
care sector government Occupations such as health and
education, and they are under represented in the higher
paying subsectors.
 Salient Policies on Gender Equality in
the Labor Market
The Philippines has ratified 34 ILO conventions and is party to all
of the fundamental United Nations human rights covenants and
conventions. The country’s 1987 Constitution has enshrined these
rights in Section 3, Article XIII (Bill of Rights), and in Section 14.
Article II, which ensures fundamental equality of women and men
before the law.
 Psychology Center

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you