BOREAL

World Tour

FOREST
Want a getaway trip away from the noise of the
city life? Well, we have the perfect destination.
This is an ideal location where you can enjoy
the outdoors and explore the northern area of
our Earth. The Boreal Forest consists of a wide
range of wildlife, parks, lakes, rivers, and
mountains. If you are looking for a trip to
escape the heat and humidity, we assure you
that you will be pleased with this visit. And
here's information about this particular biome.
 The way to
get started is to
quit talking and
Prepared by:
Bragas, Adrianne Joy
begin doing.
Brioso, Jhon Harny
Calantay, Cezanne
Rosales, Jasmine Angel group 9
Tenebro, Kenneth
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Boreal Forest
Boreal forests are the earth's most common and
overall largest land-based biome. Boreal forests are
also known as taiga, a Russian word which simply means
swampy, moist forest. Boreal forests are coniferous
and contain large amounts of evergreen trees. This
biome plays a large role in the conditions of our
earth's climate.
From a biological perspective, boreal forests are
defined as forests growing in high-latitude
environments where freezing temperatures occur for
6 to 8 months and in which trees are capable of
reaching a minimum height of 5 m and a canopy cover
of 10%.
This is a vast band of forests that ring the globe.
It's too cold here that the fire season is short,
and fires are spaced many years apart, giving trees
time to compete with grasses.
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Note that this biome is extremely cold, I recommend you all to wear
appropriate outdoor clothing before entering the boreal forest.
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With a several layers of loose-fitting clothing

Location 7
The world's boreal zone is
often called “circumpolar”
because it circles the
Northern Hemisphere,
forming a ring around the
North Pole, just south of
the Arctic Circle. Countries
with forests and land in the
boreal zone include Canada,
Alaska, China, Russia, the
United States, Norway,
Sweden, Japan, and a few
others.
Soil 8
Soils in the boreal forest are typically podzols
(from the Russian word for “ash”), gray soils that
are thin, acidic, and poor in nutrients. These soils lie
beneath a mat of coniferous tree needles and other
organic material that accumulates due to the slow
decomposition rates and limited soil microorganism
activity that occurs in the cold climate.
Podzols are formed when precipitation exceeds
evaporation, and nutrients, minerals, and organic
matter are leached by downward-moving acidic
water from the upper soil layers. These soils are
unsuitable for agriculture, but can support
numerous species of trees, shrubs, and other plants
that have adapted to these soil conditions. Sample Footer Text
 9

PODZOL
 Community Structure
Natural disturbances
The taiga is well adapted to
development following natural
disturbances, which include
fire, floods, snow breakage,
and insect outbreaks.
Characteristic of the taiga is
the general lack of late
successional species that
develop under an intact forest
canopy.
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Biological productivity
Ecosystems and soils of the boreal
region store a significant amount of
Earth’s carbon in the form of dead
but undecomposed or partially
decomposed organic matter. Global
warming or land use changes could
enhance decomposition, leading to
the release of increased amounts of
stored carbon into the atmosphere in
the form of the greenhouse gas
carbon dioxide.
Monthly Precipitation and Temperature 11
The temperatures of the seasons
include:

• Spring ranges between 23-

50 degrees F.
• Summer ranges between 59-
68 degrees F.
• Fall ranges between 23-50
degrees F, similar to spring.
• Winter temperature is
usually around -4 degrees F
daily, and even can reach -40
degrees F for long periods
of time.
Precipitation
12
• Generally, the climate is more moist in the
southern regions and becomes drier further
north.

• The average precipitation in the forest is:

• Western part (northwestern) yearly, 18-38

cm.

• Central, yearly, 38-51 cm.

• Eastern part, yearly, 51 and 89 cm.

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 13
 Winter, freezing cold
The temperatures
 Summer, experiences
Taiga
rainy, hot and relatively
short season
has
 Fall, shortest season
four  Spring, brings flowers,
the frozen ponds melt,
seasons: and the animals come out
from hibernation
Animals & Plants

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 Mammals
The boreal forest
shelters more than 85
species of mammals,
including some of the
largest and most majestic
—wood bison, elk, moose,
woodland caribou, grizzly
and black bears, and
wolves—and smaller
species, such as beavers,
snowshoe hares, Canada
lynx, red squirrels,
lemmings, and voles.
Like other species, many
mammal species have
adapted to conditions in
their boreal home.
Reptiles and amphibians
The boreal forest is a challenging home
for reptiles and amphibians, which
depend on environmental conditions to
regulate their body temperatures.
In winter, most amphibians and reptiles
that hibernate on land seek out sites
underground where temperatures
consistently remain above freezing,
although wood frogs and chorus frogs
simply burrow in the leaf litter and
depend on chemicals to make them
freeze-tolerant; during hibernation,
more than 40 percent of their body
fluids can consist of ice. Other frogs
and turtles hibernate at the bottom of
ponds and lakes.
 Insects
Insects are critical components of boreal
food webs and play important ecological
roles as pollinators and decomposers, yet
as a group, they are among the most
poorly understood organisms in the boreal
region.
Among the known species, some are very
well adapted to their habitat. For
example, black fire beetles have infrared
sensing organs on their bodies that allow
them to track the heat of forest fires as
they search for freshly burned trees on
which to lay their eggs. Other species,
like the white-spotted sawyer beetle, can
sense chemicals in smoke and charcoal to
achieve the same goal.
Fish
Most fish species in the boreal region
are small, like minnows and stickleback.
Larger species, including walleye,
northern pike, lake trout, Arctic
grayling, yellow perch, brook trout,
whitefish, and burbot, are some of the
most common game fish.
Fish living in the boreal forest are a
hardy bunch, as they have to contend
with long winter months and cold
temperatures. Numerous fish species
also migrate between different areas
of rivers and lakes at different times
of the year.
 Bird
Many of the birds that we see in our
communities have bred in the boreal
forest or passed through it travelling
north or south, and many of these are the
singers of the forests—small birds such
as warblers, thrushes, kinglets,
grosbeaks, sparrows, and flycatchers—
which are hard to see but wonderful to
hear. Ducks, loons, grebes, rails, gulls,
kingfishers, and cranes depend on boreal
waters for nesting and for food.
Sphagnum Moss - Sphagnum species
can hold up to 25 times their weight
in water. These hardy plants can
20
survive freezing temperatures,
waterlogged soils and drying out.
Reindeer Moss - Reindeer moss
covers large parts of the ground in
many taiga forests. As its name
suggests, reindeer moss is an
important source of food for
reindeer / caribou.
Sundews - Few plants can
survive the nutrient-poor soil
of the taiga bogs. They have
adapted to living in regions
with low nutrient soils by
becoming carnivorous.
Fireweed - fireweed, also
known as great willowherb
and rosebay willowherb.
Fireweed is one of the first
plants to grow after fire has Sample Footer Text
destroyed an area of taiga
forest.
 WHITE SPRUCE trees are one of
the largest trees in the boreal
forest. A beautiful tree, with a full,
dense crown of blue-green which are 21
common in the boreal forest.
PINE TREES are the dominant
plants in many cool-temperate.
They’re particularly successful in
cold areas where broad-leaved
plants are unable to survive such
as the boreal forest and at high
altitude.

LARCHES are among the

dominant plants in the boreal
forests. Although they are
conifers, larches are deciduous
trees that lose their needles in
the autumn.
BALSAM FIR can be found in
many biomes including the
Taiga biome. These trees are
small to medium sized native
evergreen tree widespread in Sample Footer Text

moist woodlands and swamps

in boreal forests.
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BIRCH TREES is considered a pioneer species

of the boreal forest because it is often one of
the first trees to colonize an area after a
disturbance—either historically after glaciers
retreated or currently after a forest fire.

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 23
Food
Web
 At the bottom of the food web are the primary
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producers, such as grass, moss, and the white
spruce tree. These producers are then consumed
by primary consumers, such as hares, red squirrels,
or moose, or they are broken down by decomposers
(fungi). If it is broken down by a fungi, the energy
from the plant will be passed on to a primary
consumer that eats the fungi, like the red squirrel.
The primary consumers will then be consumed by
either secondary or tertiary consumers. Secondary
consumers include great horned owls, red foxes,
and weasels, and tertiary consumers include wolves,
lynxes, and grizzly bears.
Summary 25
Natural Selection
In the taiga biome, nature favors those who can
withstand the cold. Only the trees with waxy needle-
like leaves are able to retain enough water to survive.
Spruce trees, evergreen trees, fir trees, and pine
trees are all favored in this environment because of
their needles. Mammals with thick fur are more likely
to survive in the taiga. Moose, wolves, foxes, lynx,
and rabbits all have thick fur to keep warm. Other
traits that are advantageous to taiga organisms are
long legs and sharp talons. Large mammals, such as
moose and caribou, have long legs for traversing
through deep snow. Birds, such as owls, have long,
sharp talons specially designed for hunting prey in
snowy conditions. Then, within each species, there
are advantages that lead to more reproduction.
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Boreal Forest has unique landscapes, many lakes and
rivers, and parks that are located through out the
forest. You can also take tours and see all of the plants
and animals that are located here.
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2/1/20XX

Well, ladies
and
gentlemen,
this brings us
to an end. I
hope you have
enjoyed this
journey with
us.
Thank you
for your
attention and
participation! Sample Footer Text