in Wrington, Somerset, England. Regarded as one of the most influential Enlightenment thinkers, he was known as the Father of Classical Liberalism. He was an economist, political operative, physician, Oxford scholar, and medical researcher as well as one of the great philosophers of the late 17th and early 18th centuries. John Locke’s Contribution to Education
John Locke has long been considered a “pioneer”
of schooling and of what we might consider to be a ‘good’ education. His work not only contributed to much of our understanding in relation to the childhood development, but also showed us the integral role of education and schooling in the formation of our children. His work has influenced many educational philosophers since its root during the 17th century, and his ideas have found their way into much of the curricular theory (what we teach), pedagogy (how we teach) and policy that we build our schools on and around. Locke emphasized the importance of the relationship between teacher and student. Much of Locke’s work, and many of his philosophical premises, seem to have, quite naturally, been built from his own educational experience as a student, and then later from his observations as a psychologist and educator. Growing up in the English countryside during the early to mid 17th century, he was taught mostly by his father, a mentorship that he clearly revered through his own philosophy. Much of his work idealizes the student-teacher relationship as one of mentorship, and values pedagogies (approaches to teaching) that support a more one-on-one approach to teaching and learning. The influence of his father’s guidance and the pastoral beauty of his childhood home also allow us to better understand his opposition to formal scholasticism, as well as his devotion to what he called the “native propensities” of the youth. The Birth of Student-Centered Education and Teaching the Whole Child
It was at Westminster, and then Oxford, that
Locke truly began to develop his educational philosophy, mostly in opposition to his own experience at these places. The strict disciplinarians and the way in which he and his peers were made to feel inferior to their instructors, lent to a subversive streak in Locke, ultimately getting him expelled from Oxford. DEPED MVCV.pptx
In many ways, he advocated for the earliest forms of
student-centered learning, of the idea of the whole-child approach to education, as well as the educational ideal of differentiation. Quite essentially, he put the student’s learning experience on par with, if not above, the teacher or subject-matter’s needs, wants and values; in his world, the teacher’s responsibility is to help students find themselves within their learning first and foremost, and to learn the content second. Probably one of the most influential of his ideas, Locke presented a concept that, at the time, was quite controversial. He argued that children — that we all — are born with minds that are like ‘blank slates’, or as he called it Tabula Rosa. His ‘blank slate’ attested that rather than being born bad, our children are born, quite simply, without this badness. By being ‘blank’ they have promise to be good, or bad, or anything else for that matter. The means and purpose of education become paramount then in how our children become who they become — it means that we must take care in our education of them. Locke ideas provides a philosophy with which schools can develop curriculum, promote pedagogies, and enact policies that value the experiences of students, that make them relevant to their own innate interests, and that develop what Locke argued is the most important goal of education: the habit of learning. Locke understood that a habit of learning doesn’t just come all that naturally for everyone, or for anyone, even though we are born with a certain degree of instinct that we can confidently rely on at times in our learning, he did believe that discipline is necessary for a good education. For gentlemen, Locke believed that the he must have a thorough knowledge of his own language. The schools of the Puritans in England broke with tradition completely. They sought to educate one for the society in which he would live. The schools were called, therefore, schools of social realism. Locke, in keeping with Milton and other Puritans, held that the content of the curriculum must serve some practical end. He recommended the introduction of contemporary foreign languages, history, geography, economics, math and science. DEPED MVCV.pptx
Locke believed the purpose of education was to produce
an individual with a sound mind in a sound body so as to better serve his country. Locke thought that the content of education ought to depend upon one's station in life. The common man only required moral, social, and vocational knowledge. He could do quite well with the Bible and a highly developed vocational skill that would serve to support him in life and offer social service to others. However, the education of gentlemen ought to be of the very highest quality. The gentleman must serve his country in a position of leadership. Locke proposed the following for the education of the gentleman: a. Moral Training. All Christians must learn to live virtuously. b. Good Breeding. The gentleman must develop the poise, control and outward behavior of excellent manners. Education must aim, therefore, at developing correct social skills. c. Wisdom. The gentleman ought to be able to apply intellectual and moral knowledge in governing his practical affairs. d. Useful Knowledge. The gentleman must receive education which will lead to a successful life in the practical affairs of the society, as well as that which leads to the satisfaction derived from scholarship and good books. Implications to Education