CONTROL VALVE

By
Mrs. M. A. Khandekar
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Instrumentation & Control
College of Engineering, Pune
 Objectives
• Students will understand parts of control valve
body and types of plug
• Students will understand types of control
valve actuators and its operation
 What is Control Valve?
• Final Control Element
e.g. Control Valves, Variable Frequency Drives,
On-off valves
• Measurement, Comparison, Adjustment

• Q=CA √ ΔP
Q= quantity of flow
A= valve opening area
ΔP= Pressure drop across the valve
 Classification of control valves
• Valve body:
Sliding stem: Globe valve, 3-way valve, Angle valve,
Gate, Needle, Diaphragm
Rotary Stem: Ball, Butterfly

• Type of actuation :
Spring diaphragm, Piston cylinder, Pneumatic ,
Hydraulic, Electric
Control Valve
Valve Body
 Sliding-stem Valves
• A sliding–stem valve body is one that actuates
with a linear motion.
• Globe valve
Advantages:
•High rangeability
•Provide tight shut-off
•Reversible Plugs available
•Frequently used in size under 2 inches

Disadvantages:
•Low pressure recovery characteristic
•Unbalanced design requires relatively large
actuator
• Cut way Globe Valve body
Advantages:
• High rangeability
• High flow capacity compared to single port
valves of same size
• Balanced design requiring smaller actuator in
comparison to single port design
• Reversible Plugs available
• Frequently used in size under 2 inches
Balanced

Disadvantages:
• Low pressure recovery characteristic
• Relatively high leakage rates at shutoff
• Erosion may occur on high pressure drop
application due to leakage characteristic
• Not good for high flow, low pressure
applications
Needle Valve
 Three-way Globe

Advantages:
• Good for blending and diverting applications
• Can replace 2 two-way valves in certain applications
• Frequently used for temperature control systems at heat
exchangers

Disadvantages:
• Cannot control total flow
• May need different size ports which are not available
• Need to know flow conditions quite precisely
 Venturi Angle
Advantages
• Good control characteristic
• High capacity, good rangeability
• Tight shutoff
• Minimize erosion Problems
• Conserves space by eliminating 90⁰ ells in piping
• Can handle sledges and slurries
• Good for flashing services

Disadvantages
• Normally made only in sizes 2 inch and above
 Diaphragm type valve
Advantages
• High capacity
• Low cost
• Self cleaning action, good for slurries
• Diaphragm seals flowing medium from the working
parts of process fluid
• Provide tight shutoff if pressure is low
• Can handle corrosive fluids because of variety of material
of construction- good for corrosive chemicals

Disadvantages
•Poor control characteristics
•Low rangeability
•Short diaphragm life
•Slow response speed
•Not usually suitable for high pressure drop application
•Temperature limited by diaphragm material characteristic
 Rotary Valve
Advantages
• High capacity
• Economical, especially in larger sizes
• High recovery characteristic- low pressure drop
through valve
• Does not permit sediment buildup- good for slurry
services
• Requires minimum space for installation
• Readily available in large sizes

Disadvantages
• Operating torque can be high- large actuator
required if valve is large or pressure drop is high
•Tight shutoff depends on use of resilient seats witch
are temperature limited
•Throttling control on some designs is limited to 60⁰
travel
 Valve Actuator
A pneumatic, hydraulic, or electrically powered device
that supplies force and motion to open or close a
valve. Choice of actuators for control valves depends
on followings factors:

• Pressure drop across the valve

• Process hazards
• Valve size
• Response requirements
• Valve distance from controller
• Maintenance
• Existing plant Practice
• Availability of operating medium
 Spring and Diaphragm
Advantages
• Simple , easy to maintain
• Economical
• Safe in electrically hazardous locations
• Sufficiently fast response for a majority of
applications

Disadvantages
• Not fast enough for some application
• Large cumbersome actuators required for some
application
 Piston or Cylinder
Advantages
• Exact positioning relative to control signal
• Relative fast response
• Accommodates large stem force requirement
• Safe in electrically hazardous locations

Disadvantages
• Requires high pressure air supply
• More expensive than spring and diaphragm type
• Sometime cumbersome to achieve fail-safe condition
 Electrohydraulic

Advantages
• Extremely fast response
• Develops maximum power for actuation
• Ensure accurate positioning of valve

Disadvantages
• Expensive
• Hydraulic system require extremely clean and well-filtered
piping system
• More difficult to maintain
 Electric
Advantages
• Economical when air or gas is not available as a power
medium

Disadvantages
• Slow response
• More costly compared to pneumatic actuators
• More difficult to maintain in hazardous areas
Thank You!!