Introduction to Crystal Structure

INTRODUCTION TO CRYSTAL
STRUCTURE
• Periodic array of atoms – Crystal lattice and translation vectors – Unit cell
– Basis and crystal structure
• Symmetry operation – Point and space groups – Types of lattices -
Primitive lattice cell – Fundamental types of Lattices – 2D & 3D lattice
types –Interplanar spacing
• Simple crystal structures - Sodium chloride structure - Cesium chloride
structure - Hexagonal close-packed structure (hcp) - Diamond structure -
Cubic zinc sulphide structure – Reciprocal lattice – Brillouin zones –
Atomic scattering factor
• Perovskite crystal structure - Goldschmidt tolerance factor - Octahedral
factor.
Fundamentals of Crystal Structu
Periodic Array of Atoms

Crystal Lattice and Basis and Crystal

Unit Cell
Translation Vectors Structure
• The crystal lattice is a • The unit cell is the • The crystal structure is
periodic arrangement smallest repeating defined by the basis,
of atoms, ions, or unit of the crystal which consists of one
molecules in a lattice, representing or more atoms, ions,
crystalline material. the fundamental or molecules that
Translation vectors building block of the occupy specific
define the periodicity crystal structure. positions within the
and arrangement unit cell.
within the lattice.
Symmetry Operations and Space Groups
• Symmetry Operation
• Symmetry operations describe the transformations that leave the crystal
unchanged, including rotations, reflections, and inversions.
• Point and Space Groups
• Point groups describe the symmetry elements of the crystal, while space
groups define the combination of translational and rotational symmetries.
• Types of Lattices
• Different types of lattices, such as primitive, body-centered, and face-
centered lattices, are characterized by their specific symmetry operations.