MTS 226:

MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING

PROCESSES

LECTURE-5 (ON-LINE)
Instructor: Dr. Hamid Jabbar

30th-March-2020 (Monday)
Homework
‘Paperback eBook
Chapter-1,2 and 3
Given as Home reading
Assignment
STRUCTURES OF
CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
Chapter 4
Class Learning Objective
• Concept of Structure in Engineering Materials

Chapter-4 Learning Objective

1. Draw unit cells for face-centered cubic, body-centered cubic, and
hexagonal close-packed crystal structures.
2. Derive the relationships between unit cell edge length and atomic radius
for face-centered cubic and body-centered cubic crystal structures.
3. Compute the densities for metals having face-centered cubic and body-
centered cubic crystal structures given their unit cell dimensions.
4. Describe how face-centered cubic and hexagonal close-packed crystal
structures may be generated by the stacking of close-packed planes of
atoms.
5. Sketch/describe unit cells for sodium chloride, cesium, chloride, zinc
blende, diamond cubic, fluorite and perovskite crystal structures. Do
likewise for atomic structures of graphite and a silica glass.
6. ~~
CAN WE SEE THE
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE ?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yqLlgIaz1L0
Next
Next
Material Structures
• Solid materials may be classified according to the
regularity with which atoms or ions are arranged with
respect to one another.
• Crystalline Materials
• Non-Crystalline or Amorphous Materials
Material Structures
Crystal Structures
• Crystalline material
• Materials in which the atoms are situated in a
repeating or periodic array over large atomic
distances
• long-range order exists,
• upon solidification, the atoms will position
themselves in a repetitive three-dimensional
pattern, in which each atom is bonded to its nearest
neighbor atoms.
• The atomic order in crystalline solids indicates
that small groups of atoms form a repetitive
pattern.
• unit cells
• subdivide the structure into small repeat entities
 Why we need to learn this?
• Some of the properties of crystalline solids
depend on the crystal structure of the material
• manner in which atoms, ions, or molecules are spatially
arranged.
• Extremely large number of different crystal
structures
• having long-range atomic order.
• these vary from relatively simple structures to
exceedingly complex ones

Long-Range Order: The property of crystal structures wherein atomic particles show
periodicity over large numbers of atomic diameters and each atomic particle has
specific relationships with lattice points.
Atomic hard-sphere model
• Crystalline structures
• Atoms (or ions) are thought of as being solid spheres having well-
defined diameters.
• Atomic hard-sphere model
• spheres representing nearest-neighbor atoms touch one another.

For the FCC crystal structure, (a) a hard-sphere unit cell representation, (b) a
reduced sphere unit cell, and (c) an aggregate of many atoms.
Unit cell and Lattice
• Unit Cell: small groups of atoms form a repetitive pattern.
• In this sense lattice means a three-dimensional array of
points coinciding with atom positions (or sphere centers).
Metallic Bonding
• Metal and Non-Metal  Ionic Bond
• Non-Metal and Non-Metals  Covalent Bond
• Metal+Metal  Metallic Bonds
Conductivity in Metals
Bonding Energies & Melting
Temperatures for Various Metals
Malleability and Ductility
Lecture
• Part-a
• Part-b: In second file
Metallic Crystal Structures