MTS 226:

MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING

Instructor: Dr. Hamid Jabbar
11.1: Questions and Problems
• What is the magnitude of the maximum stress that exists
at the tip of an internal crack having a radius of curvature
of 2.5 x 10–4 mm and a crack length of 2.5 x 10–2 mm
when a tensile stress of 170 MPa is applied?

a represents the length of a surface Crack OR

Half of the length of an internal crack
11.2: Questions and Problems
• Estimate the theoretical fracture strength of a brittle
material if it is known that fracture occurs by the
propagation of an elliptically shaped surface crack of
length 0.25 mm and a tip radius of curvature of 1.2 x 10–3
mm when a stress of 1200 MPa is applied.

a represents the length of a surface Crack OR

Half of the length of an internal crack
11.2: Questions and Problems
• Estimate the theoretical fracture strength of a brittle
material if it is known that fracture occurs by the
propagation of an elliptically shaped surface crack of
length 0.25 mm and a tip radius of curvature of 1.2 x 10–3
mm when a stress of 1200 MPa is applied.
11.5: Questions and Problems
• A specimen of a 4340 steel alloy having a plane strain
fracture toughness of 45 MPa 𝑚 is exposed to a stress
of 1000 Mpa. Will this specimen experience fracture if it is
known that the largest surface crack is 0.75 mm long?
Why or why not? Assume that the parameter Y has a
value of 1.0.

Plane Strain Fracture Toughness = KIc

11.5: Questions and Problems
• A specimen of a 4340 steel alloy having a plane strain
fracture toughness of 45 MPa 𝑚 is exposed to a stress
of 1000 Mpa. Will this specimen experience fracture if it is
known that the largest surface crack is 0.75 mm long?
Why or why not? Assume that the parameter Y has a
value of 1.0.
11.14: Questions and Problems
• A fatigue test was conducted in which the mean stress
was 50 MPa and the stress amplitude was 225 Mpa.
• (a) Compute the maximum and minimum stress levels.
• (b) Compute the stress ratio.
• (c) Compute the magnitude of the stress range.
Data Extrapolation Methods
• Extrapolation: The action of estimating or concluding
something by assuming that existing trends will continue
or a current method will remain applicable.
• Engineering creep data is often impractical to collect from
normal laboratory tests.
• This is especially true for prolonged exposures
• on the order of years
• Solution: Performing creep and/or creep rupture tests at
temperatures in excess of those required, for shorter time
periods, and at a comparable stress level, and then
making a suitable extrapolation to the in-service condition.
Data Extrapolation Methods
• A commonly used extrapolation procedure employs the
Larson–Miller parameter, m, defined as

• C is a constant (usually on the order of 20)

• T in Kelvin
• tr rupture lifetime in hours
• The rupture lifetime of a given material measured at some
specific stress level varies with temperature such that
this parameter remains constant.
• Figure 11.32

Logarithm of
stress versus
the
Larson–Miller
parameter for
an S-590
alloy.
11.D3: Questions and Problems
• An S-590 alloy component (Figure 11.32) must have a
creep rupture lifetime of at least 100 days at 500°C.
Compute the maximum allowable stress level.