Chapter 5

Software Quality Assurance and Security

CO (e) :- Apply Project Management and quality
assurance principles in software development
 Use the given scheduling technique for the
5a identified project.

Draw the activity network for the given

5b task.
Unit Outcomes (UOs)
Prepare the timeline chart / Gantt chart to
5c track progress of the given project.

Describe the given software quality

5d assurance (SQA) activity.

Describe features of the given software

5e quality evaluation standard..
 5.1 Project Scheduling
Welcome To Todays Session.
Project schedule simply means a mechanism that is used to
communicate and know about what tasks are needed and
has to be done or performed and which organizational
resources will be given or allocated to these tasks and in
what time duration or time frame work is needed to be
performed. Effective project scheduling leads to success of
project, reduced cost, and increased customer satisfaction.
Scheduling in project management means to list out
activities, deliverables, and milestones within a project that
are delivered. It contains more notes than your average
weekly planner notes. The most common and important
form of project schedule is Gantt chart.
Project Scheduling Process(Phases)
Identify Activity Create Project Charts
Dependencies

Identify Activity Allocate Resources Allocate People to

Activities
 Principles of Project Scheduling
#1: Compartmentalization
S/w project - Into number
of manageable activities,
and tasks.
#2: Effort Validation
Every project has defined
no. of people on the s/w
team.
#3: Interdependency
Interdependency of each
and every task must be
determined…
#6: Defined responsibilities
Each & every task that is scheduled
should be assigned to a specific team
member.
#5: Defined outcomes
Each & every task that is
scheduled should have
defined outcome.
#4: Defined Milestones
Every task or group of task
should be associated with
project milestone.
 Factors that Delay Project Schedule:

5. Human difficulties that not have been

1. Unrealistic deadlines established outside the
predicated in advance.
team.
6. Technical difficulties that not have been
2. Changing customer requirements not
predicated in advance.
reflected in schedule changes.

3. Underestimating the resource 7. Miscommunication among project staff

required to complete the project. resulting in delays.
4. Risks that were not considered when 8.Failure by project management to recognize
project began. project failing behind schedule and failure to
take corrective action.
 Work Breakdown Structure
Introduction:
Dividing complex projects to simpler and manageable tasks is the process identified as Work Breakdown Structure (WBS).

Usually, the project managers use this method for simplifying the project execution. In WBS, much larger tasks are broken down to
manageable chunks of work. These chunks can be easily supervised and estimated.

#1 #3 #5
Accurate and readable Accurate assignment of Indicates the project
project organization. responsibilities to the milestones and control
project team. points.

#2 #4
Helps to estimate the Illustrate the project scope, so the
cost, time and risk. stakeholders can have a better
understanding of the same.
 Project Scheduling Techniques

Project scheduling is the process of aligning project tasks to fit a deadline. Since tasks may overlap or
require completion before starting on another, it's essential that there's a plan for the best order to complete
them in a timely manner. Through project scheduling, you can determine the most efficient way to complete
a project while also adapting to any changes that may arise during the process.

CPM Critical Path Method

PERT Program Evaluation and Review Technique

Timeline Charts Gantt Chart

 Project Scheduling Techniques
CPM Critical Path Method

Let’s take a look at the CPM, first. Think of the critical path as of your project’s tree diagram. The Critical
Path Method helps you uncover the longest possible timeline for the project, as well as the shortest one.
With the CPM you’ll also be able to mark critical tasks and the ones that may float. Changes in the latter’s
delivery won’t affect the schedule.

To use the CPM, you need to know your project’s scope and list all of the tasks necessary for its completion. Next,
estimate how long each task may take. After that, you should also note all dependencies between the tasks. This
way you know which ones can be done separately, and which ones require previous tasks to be completed. Lastly,
add milestones and deliverables to your project.
 Project Scheduling Techniques
CPM Critical Path Method

A critical path helps to visualize the project flow and calculate its duration when all dependencies and deliverables
are known. This technique may not be so handy if there are many uncertainties in the project.
 Project Scheduling Techniques
PERT Program Evaluation and Review Technique

Similar to a critical path, PERT is a way to visualize project tasks’ flow in the project and estimate the
timeline based on their assumed duration. This technique also illustrates dependencies between tasks.

To schedule a project using PERT, just like in CPM you will need to define tasks and their order first, based on
your project’s milestones. Using a network framework similar to CPM, consisting of these tasks, you can estimate
different timelines for a project depending on the level of confidence:
• Optimistic timing : The least amount of time it can take to complete a task
• Most-likely timing : Assuming there are no problems, the best or most reasonable estimate of how long it should
take to complete a task.
• Pessimistic timing : The maximum amount of time it should take to complete a task
 Project Scheduling Techniques
Timeline Charts Gantt Chart

A Gantt chart, commonly used in project management, is one of the most popular and useful ways of
showing activities (tasks or events) displayed against time. On the left of the chart is a list of the activities
and along the top is a suitable time scale. Each activity is represented by a bar; the position and length of
the bar reflects the start date, duration and end date of the activity
 Gantt Chart
What the How long The start
various each activity and end date
activities are is scheduled of the whole
to last project

G A N T T
Where activities
When each overlap with
activity begins other activities,
and ends and by how
much