MAHARAHAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,

THANDAVAPURA
CONTRACTIONS
WHAT ARE CONTRACTIONS?
A CONTRACTION IS A WORD MADE BY SHORTENING AND
COMBINING TWO WORDS. WORDS LIKE CAN’T (CAN +
NOT), DON’T (DO + NOT), AND I’VE (I + HAVE) ARE ALL
CONTRACTIONS.
People use contractions in both speaking and writing. They're
so common that movies and books often try to make characters
seem old-fashioned or strange by having them never use
contractions. This is a little silly because English speakers have
been using contractions for centuries—although not always the
same ones we use today.
Writing contractions
All contractions include a punctuation mark that looks like this:

This is an apostrophe. Knowing where to put the apostrophe can seem

tricky, but there's a pretty simple rule that works with every contraction.
Remember how we said contractions are made of two words that have been
shortened? The apostrophe replaces any letters that are in the original
words, but that aren't in the contraction.
ABBREVATIONS
WHAT IS AN ABBREVIATION?
ABBREVIATIONS ARE ALL AROUND US, FROM COMMON TITLES LIKE DR. AND PROF.
TO THE ABBREVIATIONS YOU SEE ON STREET SIGNS. SPECIFICALLY, ABBREVIATIONS
ARE SHORTER SPELLINGS OF WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS WE USE EVERY DAY.
Using abbreviations
Abbreviations are usually formed using the most recognizable letters from the word or expression.
This makes them easier to remember, and easy for others to read. It's almost like the letters
are clues that point to the original word or expression.
Types of abbreviations: What are the abbreviation types?

1 Clipping: removing entire syllables to make words shorter

Clipping abbreviation examples
•ad (advertisement)
•exam (examination)
•app (application)
2 Contractions
Contractions are one of the most common types of
abbreviations. It involves removing individual letters, instead of
entire syllables as in clipping.
Contraction abbreviation examples
•can’t (cannot)
•could’ve (could have)
•it’s (it is or it has)
•I’ll (I will)
3 Initialisms
An initialism is simply the use of initials—using the first letter
of a word to represent the entire word.
Initialism abbreviation examples
•FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation)
•UFO (Unidentified Flying Object)
•CEO (Chief Executive Officer)
4 Acronyms
Just like initialism, acronyms combine the first letters of
multiple words. However, the big difference is that these letters
are pronounced together like a brand-new word, instead of
saying each letter separately.
Acronym abbreviation examples
•PIN (Personal Identification Number)
•NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)
•RAM (Random Access Memory)
WHAT ARE WORD PAIRS?
IN MANY WAYS ‘WORD PAIRS’ ARE LIKE COLLOCATIONS, WORDS THAT USUALLY GO TOGETHER
MINIMAL PAIRS

Minimal pairs are word pairs that differ by only one sound. For example, “car, tar”, “light,
white”, and “sip, ship” are all examples of minimal pairs. Minimal pairs are important because
this single sound difference changes the meaning of the word.
TIPS FOR IDENTIFYING AND CORRECTING
COMMON WORD PAIR MISTAKES
Name:

Contraction Sentences
Underline the contraction in each sentence.
Then, write the words that each contraction stands
for.

1. I don't understand what you mean.

2. She'll come over tomorrow.

3. I could've gone to the football game.

4. You shouldn't talk with your mouth full.

5. You haven't seen the movie yet?

6. I'll be going on a plane.

7. Sorry, I can't answer the phone right now.

8. I won't be home until Thursday.

9. She's gone to the bank already.

300056
10. They weren't in the kitchen.

11. Billy wasn't eating any of the cake.

12. I've already cleaned the dishes.

13. We'd better not make too much noise.

14. It's been a gloomy day.

15. It'll be a sunny day tomorrow.

Super Teacher Worksheets -

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 ANSWER
KEY
Contraction
Sentences
Underline the contraction in each sentence.
Then, write the words that each contraction stands
for.
1. I don't understand what you do not
mean.
2. She'll come over She
tomorrow. will
3. I could've gone to the football could have
game.
4. You shouldn't talk with your mouth should
full. not
5. You haven't seen the movie have not
yet?
6. I'll be going on a I
plane. will
7. Sorry, I can't answer the phone right cannot
now.
8. I won't be home until will
Thursday. not
9. She's gone to the bank She
already. has 300056
were
10.They weren't in the kitchen. not
11. Billy wasn't eating any of the was
cake. not
12. I've already cleaned the I have
dishes.
13. We'd better not make too much We had
noise.
14. It's been a gloomy It
day. has
15. It'll be a sunny day It
tomorrow. will
Super Teacher Worksheets -
www.superteacherworksheets.com
 Presented by

Deeraj Prasad (SPOC)

Dileep .v
Ananya
Keerthana . M
Manoj . M
Sharath Kumar . SR

THANK YOU