MICROTEACHING ON-

DIETETICS

PG Student: Dr.Abdul kareem.v

PG Guide: Dr. Priya Dhurve mam
Department of Community Medicine
GMC ,Chandrapur 1
CONTENTS

• DEFINITION

• OBJECTIVE

• DIETETICS IN DIABETES MELLITUS

• DIEBETIC DIET

• SUMMERY

• REFERENCES
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DIETETICS…. ?

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 Definition of Dietetics
• Dietetics is the branch of therapeutics that puts into practice the
application of the principle of nutrition to diet concerning health.
• Science of applying the principles of nutrition to the planning and
preparation of foods.(Subhangini A joshi-book on nutrition and dietetics )

Dyslipidemia & Renal Problems GIT problems

Diabetes Mellitus
HPN Coronary heart diseases
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OBJECTIVE

• To Understand what is dietetics, and to know its significance in health,

nutrition, and disease prevention.

• To understand the role of dietetics in patients with Diabetes Mellitus.

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DIETETICS IN DIABETES MELLITUS

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TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

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 Goals Of Nutrition Therapy
 Improve blood glucose and lipid levels

 Prevention of acute & long term complication

 To promote healthy eating habits

To improve healthy lifestyles

 For weight management- of people with NIDDM type.

 Therapy reduces Hba1c by 1-2%.

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 Choose more high Reduce animal or Cut down sugary Reduce salt intake
fiber foods: saturated fat foods • Cut down on added salt
(↑fruits & intake • Sweets, eat starchy • Use alternative seasonings
vegetables) foods. • Look out for reduced/low
• Low fat milk
• Sugary drinks sodium foods e.g: bread
• Low fat spread instead
• Maintain blood • Use diet or low-calorie, • Avoid salt substitutes
of • Eat regular meals
glucose levels and butter sugar-free drinks
cholesterol levels • Oil high in unsaturated • Choose low-sugar
• Maintain a healthy fat, “olive oil, products
gut: Whole grain omega-3 oils”
cereals,
Whole wheat pasta, • Less fat in cooking:
Brown rice grill, dry-roast, steam 10
what are the types of nutrients…?

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 Energy
• Energy Requirement of calories in 25Kcal/Kg/BW/day.
• It can Calculate according to body weight for Adult.
• Broka's Index
Ht in cm – 100= Ideal body wt in kg..
Category Sedentary Moderate
Over weight/obese 20 25
Ideal weight 30 35
Underweight 40 40

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  Carbohydrates

• Carbs provide 40-50% of energy in total energy intake.

• Diabetic diet, carbs intake should not > 250g/day.

• Diet should include 20% Simple Carbs and complex carbs fulfill the remaining
requirement.

• Carbohydrates of polysaccharides with high fiber, and low glycemic index are preferred.

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  Proteins

 It is about 15 to 20 % of total calorie intake.

 Protein with carb lower blood glucose

by stimulating insulin secretion .

 Protein with fibres are reccomended

 RDA is 0.8g/Kg/BW/day.

 In nephropathy low it must be 0.6g/kg/BW

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  Fats
 About 25 to 35%g total energy intake.
 supplies essential fatty acids.
 Diet should include unsaturated fatty acids, and
polyunsaturated fatty acids (like nuts, olive oil,
and fish)
 Cholesterol intake must not exceed 150mg/day.
 Omega 3 fatty acids - lower Serum Cholesterol sr.
triglyceride level.

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 Dietary fibers
• Dietary fiber & Diabetics must consume 20-35 g fiber daily.
• Reduces blood cholesterol blood Pressure.
• Soften the stools, good for constipation.
• These foods are filling and most are lower in GI which can control
appetite.
• Maintain healthy gut..

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 Vitamins and Minerals

• No need for supplements if the patient is on a balanced diet.

• Diabetics consuming <1200kcal/day may need supplementation of micronutrients

• Advise diet rich in Vitamin B12, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin D, and Antioxidants.
(advise fruits like unripe bananas, papaya, Avocado, grapefruits, and nuts should be
involved in the diet plan)

• Sodium- Moderate dietary restriction is beneficial.

• Potassium- Diet rich in Potassium Protect- the heart & and kidneys of Type II. Patients.
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• Studies also show that Iron, Chromium, copper, and calcium are also helpful in
decreasing blood glucose levels.

• Zinc- RDA is 8-11 kg/day. Very high or low plasma levels of zinc impair the
secretion of insulin. Pregnancy-related diabetic Complications are seen in women
with zinc deficiency.

• Magnesium deficiency leads to reduced insulin sensitivity and accelerated

diabetic foot ulcers.

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Should we give micronutrient
supplements to all Diabetics?

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Glycemic Index
1)Is a measure of how
quickly food can raise blood
glucose.

2)Foods having lower GI

increase blood glucose
slowly.

3)High GI increases blood

glucose quickly
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 SUMMERY
• Dietetics is the branch of therapeutics that puts into practice the
application of the principle of nutrition to diet concerning health.

• A balanced diet includes all nutrients in the correct proportion or adequate

amounts to promote and preserve health

• Role of dietetics in diabetic patients

• Importance of Dietary fiber, healthy fat, vitamins, minerals, protein, and

carbohydrates in a diabetic diet and how they should be included.
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References

• Book on Nutrition and dietetics- by shubangini A Joshi

• Book on dietetics – by B srilakshmi

• Book of preventive and social medicine K park

• Google images

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