THEORETICAL FOUNDATION OF NURSING (NUR O16)

Professor: Mr. Cedric C. Lomibao, RN, EMT, MAN

Transcribes by: Kimberly Joyce I. Casilla
NURSING IN THE PHILIPPINES
SCIENTIFIC THEORY
The Philippine Nursing Act of 2002 (R.A. 9173) LAW Ø Much more
….involves the promotion of health and prevention Ø Governs dynamic than
of illness CURATIVE, PREVENTIVE, and a single Scientific Law
REHABILITATIVE. action. Ø Can be
HISTORICAL ERAS OF NURSING Ø Universal, changed/improved
Simple, who changing its
CURRICULUM ERA Standardization of True truth.
(1900 – 1940) the nursing
curriculum. EPISTEMOLOGY STUDY OF
RESEARCH ERA Advancement of the KNOWLEDGE
(1950 – 1970) nursing profession
through expansion • It is the study
of nursing of knowledge
knowledge. & justifies
GRADUATED Specialization in the beliefs.
EDUCATION ERA (1950 healthcare sector. • It question
– 1970) what
THEORY ERA Increased knowledge is
(1980 – 1990) understanding of & how it can
research and the be acquired.
development of • TRUE
knowledge. beginning of
THEORY UTILIZATION Evidence of quality philosophy.
ERA (21st Century) nursing care.
EMPIRICISM VS. RATIONALISM
NURSING METAPARADIGM EMPIRICISM RATIONALISM
PERSON Direct Receivers of ü The way oof ü The use of
Care looking at RATIONAL
HEALTH State of Being reality. senses.
ü Use of 5 ü DEDUCTIVE
ENVIRONMENT Everything outside senses METHOD
the person ü INDUCTIVE
NURSING Art and Science METHOD
CONCEPTS
NURSING COMPETENCIES THEORY CONCEPTS
ATTITUDE The art of Nursing -Usually means mere -BUILDING BLOCKS
guess or unproved . of Theories.
SKILLS Know - Hows Literally means a Abstract,
vision or a beholding Concrete,Discrete,
KNOWLEDGE Anchor of our scene Continuous,
actions Greek word theoria. Theoretical
Definitions,
DISCIPLINES VS. PROFESSION
Operational
DISCIPLINE PROFESSION Definitions.
ASSUMPTIONS HYPOTHESES
Specific too a Refers to a -Are the major points -Educated Guesses
academia and refers specialized field of or ideas, statement of -They are not actually
to a branch of practice founded on a theory. Judgement guesses but more of
education. the theoretical regarding unknown a tentative
FOCUS: structure of the factors. explanation of an
What nurses know science or observation,
and how they use knowledge of the phenomenon, or
them for thinking disciplined scientific problem.
and decision making -Tested by FURTHER
while taking care of FOCUS INVESTIGATION.
a patients. Recognition and
respect for their
scholarly disciplined
contribution to the
health of society.
SCIENTIFIC LAW VS. THEORY
THEORETICAL FOUNDATION OF NURSING (NUR O16)
Professor: Mr. Cedric C. Lomibao, RN, EMT, MAN
Transcribes by: Kimberly Joyce I. Casilla

NURSING THEORISTS

THEORISTS THEORY STATEMENT

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE ENVIRONMENTAL utilizing the patients environment.

JEAN WATSON PHILOSOPHY & SCIENCE OF Human science of persons and

CARING human health-illness experience .
PATRICIA BENNER NURSING EXPERTISE MODEL Lived experience.

MYRA E. LEVINE CONSERVATION MODEL Adaptation and maintains

wholeness.
MARTHA ROGERS UNITARY HUMAN BEING Symphonic interaction between the
environment and man.
DOROTHEA OREM SELF-DEFICIT THEORY Overcome or compensate for their
healthy-associated limitations.
IMOGENE KING GOAL ATTAINMENT Health care system in society

BETTY NEUMAN SYSTEMS MODEL Variables affecting an individuals

response to stress.
SISTER CALLISTA ROY ADAPTATION MODEL Expands adaptive abilities.

DOROTHY JHONSON BEHAVIORAL SYSTEM MODEL Providing resources while the

patient is under stress.
HILDEGARD PEPLAU INTERPERSONAL RELATION Forward movement of personality.

IDA JEAN ORLANDO DELIBERATIVE NURSING Immediate need for help.

JOYCE TRAVELBEE HUMAN-TO-HUMAN Purpose of nursing is fulfilled.

RELATIONSHIP
ERNESTINE WIEIDENBACH HELPING ART OF CLINICAL Motherly fashion.
NURSING

LYDIA HALL CORE,CARE,CURE Distinct body of knowledge

FAYE GLENN ABDELLAH 21 NURSING PROBLEMS Molds the attitudes, intellectual

competencies, and technical skills.
VIRGINIA HENDERSON 14 BASIC HUMAN NEEDS Unique function of the nurse is to
assist the individual, sick or well.
NOLA J. PENDER HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL Complementary counterpart.

MADELEINE LEININGER TRANSCULTURAL Providing culture-specific and

universal nursing care.
MARGARET NEWMAN EXPANSING CONSCIOUSNESS Identification of their patterns of

ROSEMARIE PARSE HUMAN BECOMING Uncover personal meanings.

JOYCE FITZPATRICK RHYTHM MODEL Practice discipline and profession.

THEORETICAL FOUNDATION OF NURSING (NUR O16)
Professor: Mr. Cedric C. Lomibao, RN, EMT, MAN
Transcribes by: Kimberly Joyce I. Casilla
TROPHICOGNOSIS Ø A scientific
THE DREYFUS MODEL method of
reaching a
NOVICE MODEL • A person who is nursing care
lacks judgement; an
background alternative
experience. recommendation
• (0-1 year) of Levine to
ADVANCED BEGINNER • Has enough Nursing
experience Diagnosis.
• .(1-2 years)
SELF-CARE DEFICIT THEORY
Ex. Newly registered
professional nurses. 1. WHOLLY Ø Accomplishing
COMPETENT • Present and NURSE PROVIDES THE patient
nature future TOTAL CARE therapeutic self-
situation care
• Sense of Ø Compensates for
mastery the patient
• (2-3 years) inability to engage
PROFICIENT • Holistic view in self -care
• Intuitive view Ø Support and
• (3-5 years) protects the
EXPERT • Does not rely patient.
anymore on the 2. PARTIALLY Nursing Action:
analytic NURSE & PATIENT ü Perform some
principles of PARTNERSHIP self-care
rules, measures for the
guidelines, and patient
maxims to ü Compensate for
connect her self-care
understanding limitations of the
of the situation patient.
to an ü Assists the patient
appropriate as required.
action. Nurse-patient Action:
• (>5 years) ü Perform some
clinical eye self-care measure
ü Regulates self-
CONSERVATION MODEL care agency
CONSERVATION OF All physiologic ad ü Accepts care and
ENERGY psychological assistance from
processes that nurse.
sustain life depend 3. SUPPORTIVE Ø Accomplishes
on the body’s energy EDUCATIVE self-care
balance. PATIENT INITIATIVE Ø Regulates the
CONSERVATION OF All body systems CARE exercise and
STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY decline with aging; development of
chronic illness also self-care agency.
produces bodily GOAL ATTAINMENT THEORY
structural changes.
CONSERVATION OF Self-identity is 3 INTERRELATED SYSTEMS
PERSONAL INTEGRITY intrinsically bound to PERSONAL SYSTEMS Composed of body
wholeness and all image, growth and
individuals cherish development,
the sense of self; it perception, self solace,
includes recognition and time.
of the holiness of o When two or
each person. Moore persons
CONSERVATION OF Individual life has interact, they
SOCIAL INTEGRITY meaning only in the form an
context social life. interpersonal
system.
MAJOR CONCEPTS AND DEFINITION INTERPERSONAL Composed of the
SYSTEMS concepts of
communication,
THEORETICAL FOUNDATION OF NURSING (NUR O16)
Professor: Mr. Cedric C. Lomibao, RN, EMT, MAN
Transcribes by: Kimberly Joyce I. Casilla
interaction, role, stress,
and transactions.
o A comprehensive INTERPERSONAL RELATION THEORY
interacting
system is 6 PROPOSED NURSING ROLES
composed of 1. STRANGER -is exemplified by the
groups that make ROLE nurse receiving the
up a society. This client in the same way
results in the one meets a stranger in
social systems. other life situations. The
SOCIAL SYSTEM Composed of the nurse provides an
concepts of authority, accepting climate that
decision-making, builds trust.
organization power, and 2. RESOURCE -the nurse answers
state. ROLE question, interpret
clinical treatment data,
SYSTEM MODEL
and gives information.
STRESSOR 3. TEACHING -the nurse gives
INTRAPERSONAL Physiological, ROLE instruction and
Psychological, socio- provides training. She
cultural, Development, aso involves analysis
spiritual. and synthesis of the
INTERPERSONAL Involves 2 ooooor more learners experience.
persons. 4. COUNSELING -the nurse helps clients
EXTRAPERSONAL Outside environmental ROLE understand and
forces. integrate the meaning
of current life
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
LEVEL OF PREVENTION circumstances and
provides guidance and
1. PRIMARY Ø Health teachings encouragement to
HEALTH PROMOTION Ø Medical mission make changes.
& USE PREVENTION Ø Hand washing 5. SURROGATE -the nurse help clients
caravan ROLE clarify domains oof
PATIENT IS NOT SICK. dependence,
2. SECONDARY Nurse Action: interdependence, and
EARLY DETECTION Ø Assessment tests independence and acts
AND SCREENING (Mamogram) on clients belief as
advocate.
6. ACTIVE -the nurse helps the
PATIENT IS LEADERSHIP collie that assume
ASYMPTOMATIC. ROLE maximum responsibility
3. TERTIARY Ø Active treatment for meeting treatment
REHABILITATIVE Ø Diabetes care gooals
teaching INTERPERSONAL RELATION THEORY
PATIENT IS EXHIBITS
SYMPTOMS. NURSING PROCESS THEORY: The nursing process is an
SYSTEM MODEL interaction of three basic elements.
1. The behavior of the patient.
NURSING PROCESS 2. The reaction of the nurse.
3. The nursing action which are designed for the
ADPIE patients benefit.
• Automatic nursing actions -nursing
activities that are decided upon for
reasons other than the patients
immediate need
• Deliberative nursing action – those
decided upon after ascertaining a need
and then meeting this need.
THEORETICAL FOUNDATION OF NURSING (NUR O16)
Professor: Mr. Cedric C. Lomibao, RN, EMT, MAN
Transcribes by: Kimberly Joyce I. Casilla
HUMAN-TOO-HUMAN RELATIONSHIP MODEL PERSONAL Include variables such
PSYCHOLOGICAL as self- esteem, self –
RAPTOR FACTORS motivation, personal
Is experienced when nurse and patient has progresses competence, perceived
through the four interlocking phrases preceding health status, and
rapport (4 phases of experience): definition of health.
o Original encounter – first impressions PERSONAL SOCIO – Include variables such
o Emerging identities – perceiving each CULTURAL FACTORS as race, ethnicity,
other’s uniqueness. acculturation,
• Empathy – ability to share un the persons education, and
experience; too emphasize is to gain an socioeconomic status.
intellectual understanding oof the mental TRANSCULTURAL THEORY
world & psychological state of another.
• Sympathy – when the nurse wants too lessen FOCUS OF THEORY
the cause oof patients suffering; When one § Fit with or have beneficial meaning and health
sympathizes, one is involved but not outcomes for people of different or similar
incapacitated by the involvement. cultural background. With these, she has
developed the Sunrise Model in a logical order
too demonstrate the interrelationship of the
concepts in her theory of Culture Care
Diversity and University.

EXPANDING CONSCIOUSNESS THEORY

TRANSCENDENCE
-the process through which the person moves to a
higher level of consciousness .

FiHiViLy DoDoFa EMIMS BJ MaRo

CORE Refers to the person or
recipient of care.
CARE Explains the role of
nurses and focused on
performing that noble
task of the nurturing
patients.
CURE Refers to medical
interventions that are
performed on the
patient.
THERAPEUTIC USE OF SELF (TUOS) Ro
Ø Ability to use ones personally consciously and
in full awareness in an attempt to establish PNA
relatedness and to structure nursing
intervention.
HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL
Fi Florence Nightingale
Hi Hildegard Peplau
Vi Virginia Henderson
Ly Lydia Hall
Do Dorothea Orem
Do Dorothy Jhonson
Fa Faye Glenn Abdellah
E Ernestine Wiedenbach
M Medeleine Leninger
I Ida Jean Orlando
M Martha Rogers
S Sister Callista Roy & Sister Letty Kuan
B Betty Neuman
J Joyce TRAVELBEE
Ma Margaret Newman/Myra Levine
Rosemarie Rizzo Parse
Philippine Nurses Association
NANDA North America Nursing Diagnosis
Association
PRC Professional Regulation Commission

PERSONAL Include variables such

BIOLOGICAL as age, gender, body
FACTORS mass index, pubertal
status, aerobics
capacity, strength,
agility or balance.