CANCER CAUSING

PAPILLOMAVIRUSES
Case Study – By Garima Dutta
 HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUSES
 The family Papovaviridae -
Polyomaviridae and
Papillomaviridae  HPVs are divided into five main
 Human Papillomavirus is a non- genera – Alpha-, beta-, gamma-, nu-
enveloped virus with double and mu-papillomaviruses.
stranded DNA.  HPVs can be further subdivided into
 The early region consists of E1, E2, low, intermediate and high risk
E4-E8, the late region and consists HPVs.
of L1 and L2. The remaining
genome is the genomic regulatory
region.
 TRANSMISSION OF HPV

 a very common sexually transmitted disease

 transmitted through both sexual and non sexual contact
 invade the body through any skin and epidermal injuries, mucous membranes or
skin abrasions.
 ROLE OF HPV IN CANCER DEVELOPMENT

 there are a few hypotheses

provided regarding the possible
routes of HPV in cancer
development.  The viral proteins E6 and E7 -
 affects the cells near squamous eliminate the tumor suppressors p53
junctions forming stratified and Rb.
epithelial layers of  p16-INK4a expression.
transformation zone as the cervix
matures, like the epithelial
reserve cells.
 TYPES OF CANCER CAUSED BY HPV AND
THEIR PREVENTION
Types of cancer induced by HPV involve :
 Lower Genital Tract Neoplasias : Cervical, Vaginal And Vulvar Cancer
 Breast Cancer
 Head And Neck Carcinomas
 Lung Cancer
 Bladder Cancer
 Penile Carcinoma And Anal Carcinoma
 Skin Cancer

All these types of cancer have been discussed in details in the report.
 IMMUNISATION AND VACCINATION

 the immune response, particularly T  In general, therapeutic vaccines

cells, seems to play the main role.
have been proposed but only few of
 The clearance of high risk HPV them reached clinical trials.
types are believed to be harder
 more feasible and affordable
 progression from infections to cancer vaccinations with protection against
is a rare event and the first defense all the HPV types are required.
against HPV is the natural immunity.
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