GROUP 5:

THE PREGNANT ADAN, LEANCEL

ALEGA, TIFFANY B.

ADOLESCENT
ATENCIO, CHRISTINE M.
BALICUD, CHARLOTTE
BERONILLA, DIONA MARI S.
 THE PREGNANT ADOLESCENT:
• Adolescent pregnancy is not a new phenomenon. Historically, it was common for women to marry as early as
age 12 or 13 years and have their first baby at age 15 years. In today’s society, however, marriage and
childbearing are life situations thought of as belonging to later years. Reasons for the high number of teenage
pregnancies that still continue include:

• Earlier age of menarche in girls (the average age is 12.4 years; many girls begin
menstruating at age 9 years and so are ovulating and able to conceive by age 11
years).
• Rates of sexual activity among teenagers
• Lack of knowledge about (or failure to use) contraceptives or abstinence
• Desire by young girls to have a baby having an equally young sexual partner can contribute to pregnancy
incidence because, in this situation, neither partner may be well versed in contraceptive options.
 DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS:

• Adolescence is a vulnerable time for pregnancy because the

developmental tasks of pregnancy are superimposed on those of
adolescence. The developmental tasks of the average adolescent are
fourfold: to establish a sense of self-worth or a value system, to
emancipate from parents, to adjust to a new body image, and to
choose a vocation.
 PRENATAL ASSESSMENT:

• Adolescents are considered high-risk patients because they have a high

incidence of iron-deficiency anemia and premature labor. They also have a
higher incidence of low–birth-weight infants, a disproportion between fetal
and pelvic size, and a high rate of intimate partner violence. Early and
consistent prenatal care is essential to their health and the health of their
baby.
 ASSESSING THE PREGNANT
ADOLESCENT:
Unfortunately, many adolescents do not seek prenatal care until late in
their
pregnancies because they may view not seeking prenatal care as a way of
protecting the
pregnancy—if they don’t tell anyone, no one can suggest they terminate
the pregnancy.
After the sixth month, abortion is no longer a possibility, so a girl can feel
free to come
for care without being subjected to this pressure.
 HEALTH HISTORY:

• Take a detailed health history of an adolescent at the first prenatal visit to

establish individual risks. This is best done without a parent present. The
girl needs practice in being responsible for her own health, and having to
account for her health practices can help her do this.
 FAMILY PROFILE:

• Adolescents may leave home if their family disapproves of their

pregnancy, thus joining the ranks of homeless or adolescent runaways.
Others do not leave home, but separate themselves emotionally from their
family.
 PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:

• Physical examination procedures with pertinent adolescent findings

are discussed in Chapter 34. Be certain to explain procedures as you
do an examination.
 PREGNANCY EDUCATION:

Adolescents usually need a great deal of health teaching during

pregnancy because they do not know many of the common measures of
older women have learned from experience.
 NUTRIENTS:

Good nutrition can be a major problem during an adolescent pregnancy

because many girls enter pregnancy with poor nutritional stores from
years of eating a less than optimal diet.
 ACTIVITY AND REST :

Adolescents vary greatly in their levels of activity.

 CHILDBIRTH AND PREPARATION:

Peer companionship is a strong need for most adolescents.

 BIRTH DECISIONS:

• Pelvic measurements should be taken early and carefully in adolescent

girls as cephalopelvic disproportion is a real possibility because of the
girl’s incomplete pelvic growth
• most girls who are told their baby will have to be born by cesarean birth
respond well to the news, and many are relived, because surgery seems
controlled and Simple compared with the agonies of labor, they imagine
• When a cesarean birth must be scheduled because of cephalopelvic
disproportion or poor fetal growth, the information should be shared with
the girl and her parents as soon as possible.
 PLANS FOR THE BABY:
• Adolescents may need additional time at prenatal visits to talk to a good
listener about how they feel about being pregnant and becoming a mother
• Scared? Bewildered? Numb? Happy? Be certain they know all the options
available to them: keeping the baby, placing the baby in a temporary foster
home or adoption.
• Adolescents, like all women, should be encouraged to breastfeed
• breast tissue matures with pregnancy, so even the very young adolescent
physically capable of breastfeeding
 COMPILCATIONS OF ADOLESCENT
PREGNANCY:

Adolescent pregnancy carries the increased incidence of:

• pregnancy-induced hypertension
• iron-deficiency anemia
• preterm labor
• cephalopelvic disproportion
Fortunately, with conscientious prenatal care, these complications can be
minimized.
 PREGNANCY-INDUCED HYPERTENSION:

• Because adolescents are more prone to pregnancy-induced hypertension than the

average woman, establishing a baseline blood pressure is important
Adolescents interventions in reducing an increasing blood pressure during
pregnancy are:
• Bed rest preferably in a side-lying position
• Although its effect is controversial, low-dose aspirin therapy may be prescribe to
help reduce symptoms of hypertension of pregnancy.
If the hypertension continues after a period of bed rest at home (or if the symptoms
of pregnancy-induced hypertension are advanced when they are first discovered), a
girl may be admitted to the hospital so bed rest can be better enforced.
 POSTPARTUM HEMORRAGE :

Defined as blood loss of 500mL or more in vaginal birth, and a blood

loss of 1000mL in cesarean birth.

CAUSES:
• overdistended uterus due to uterus being not fully developed.
• more frequent or deeper perineal and cervical laceration.
 IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA :
Is a common anemia during pregnancy which is the body is lack of iron.

Risk Factors for Iron Deficiency Anemia During Pregnancy:

• Multiple pregnancies
• Frequent vomiting due to morning sickness
• Inadequate iron-rich foods
• Heavy pre-pregnancy menstrual flow:

Symptoms of Iron Deficiency Anemia During Pregnancy:

• Fatigue
• weakness
• dizziness
• pale or yellowish skin
• shortness of breath
 :
Effects on the Baby:
• Premature birth
• low birth weight baby
• Postpartum depression

Prevention and Treatment:

• Prenatal vitamins
• Good nutrition
• iron supplement
• vitamin C supplement
 PRE-TERM LABOR:

Specific risks associated with preterm labor:

1. Higher Risks for Adolescent Mothers:

• Eclampsia
• Puerperal endometritis
• Systemic infections.

2. Higher Risks for Babies of Adolescent Mothers:

• Low birth weight
• Preterm birth
• Severe neonatal conditions
 PRE-TERM LABOR:

Specific risks associated with preterm labor:

1. Higher Risks for Adolescent Mothers:

• Eclampsia
• Puerperal endometritis
• Systemic infections.

2. Higher Risks for Babies of Adolescent Mothers:

• Low birth weight
• Preterm birth
• Severe neonatal conditions
 COMPLICATIONS OF LABOR, BIRTH, AND
THE POSTPARTUM PERIOD:

CEPHALOPELVIC DISPROPORTION
•a condition that occurs when there is mismatch between the size of
the fetal head and the size of the maternal pelvis
CAUSE:
•Pelvic opening is narrowed for the fetal’s head to fit

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:

• lack of engagement at the beginning of labor
• prolonged first stage of labor
• poor fetal descent

Monitor the Labor through:

• Partograph (a tool used to monitor the progress of labor.)
 INABILITY TO ADAPT POSTPARTALLY:

Giving birth is such a stress and a major crisis that almost all women
have difficulty integrating it into their life. This can make the
immediate postpartum period almost an unreal time for an adolescent.
 LACK OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT INFANT
CARE:

Adolescents show the same positive bonding behavior with their infants
as their more mature counterparts. Although they may consider
themselves to be knowledgeable in child care because they have babysat
for a neighbor’s child or a younger sibling, they may lack knowledge of
newborn care