Democracy

Subtitle
▪ Is India a functioning democracy?

▪ EIU's 2021 Democracy Index - India is

ranked 46 on the global index
What is democracy?

▪ Democracy, literally, rule by the people.

▪ The term is derived from the Greek “dēmokratia”, which was coined
from dēmos (“people”) and kratos (“rule”/”Power”)
▪ Abraham Lincoln said, “Democracy is a government of the people,
for the people, and by the people.”
▪ MacIver observes, “Democracy is not a way of governing, whether by
majority or otherwise, but primarily a way of determining, who shall
govern, and broadly to what ends”
Fundamental Questions about Democracy

▪ Why should “the people” rule? Is democracy really better than

aristocracy or monarchy?
Fundamental Questions about Democracy

▪ What is the appropriate unit or association within which a democratic

government should be established?
▪ A city? Federal Unit? Or at Union level?
Fundamental Questions about Democracy

▪ Given an appropriate association—a city, for example—who among

its members should enjoy full citizenship? Which persons, in other
words, should constitute the dēmos?
Fundamental Questions about Democracy

▪ Assuming a proper association and a proper dēmos, how are citizens

to govern? What political organizations or institutions will they need?
Fundamental Questions about Democracy

▪ When citizens are divided on an issue, as they often will be, whose
views should prevail, and in what circumstances? Should a majority
always prevail, or should minorities sometimes be empowered to
block or overcome majority rule?
Fundamental Questions about Democracy

▪ If a majority is ordinarily to prevail, what is to constitute a proper

majority? A majority of all citizens? A majority of voters?
Features of Indian Democracy

1. Popular sovereignty
2. Multi-party system
3. Rule of majority
4. Independence of judiciary
5. The supremacy of the Constitution
6. Written Constitution
7. Federalism
Features of Indian democracy

8. Political equality
9. Collective accountability
10. FPTP System
11. Representative Democracy
12. Parliamentarian Democracy
Challenges for Indian Democracy

▪ Low voting turnout

▪ Non Deliberation with Citizens
▪ Disruption of Parliament
▪ Use of Unethical means during Elections
▪ Use of freebies to allure voters
Challenges for Indian Democracy

▪ What is stopping India from becoming a functional or Participative

Democracy?
Social Issues - Illiteracy

▪ citizens are not be able to play their roles effectively and exercise
their right to vote meaningfully which is an individual’s expression of
the power of the people.
▪ Political Illiteracy
▪ Literacy enables citizens to be aware of various issues, problems,
demands, and interests in the country. It also makes them conscious
of the principles of liberty and equality of all and ensures that the
representatives elected by them truly represent all the interests in
the society
Social Issues - Poverty
Social Issues - Gender Discrimination
Casteism

▪ ‘politicization of caste’ and ‘casteization of politics’

▪ castes are being increasingly used as vote bank politics.
Communalism
Religious Fundamentalism
Regionalism
Corruption
Criminalization of Politics
Political Violence
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