Notes (Class 10th)

Resources And Development

Civics
Political Parties
Outcome of Democracy

S.S.T by
Pramod Sir

Burari Rohini
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 Political Parties
Class 10 – Civics
Notes

Definition : Organized group of people

(a) Who have same ideology
(b) Who have political position
(c) Who contest election in order to represent people.
(d) If they win, they form the government and implement their agenda.

Component of Political party

(a) Leaders
(b) Active members
(c) Followers

Functions of Political Party

(a) Contest Elections
(b) if they Win
1. Create a strong Govt.
2. make laws for country.
(c) If they lose the majority.
1. Create strong opposition
2. shape public opinion
3. put forward policies and program.
(d) Spread political awareness, provide people access to government machinery and
welfare schemes.

Necessity of Political parties

1. To represent people even if they are not part of ruling government.
2. Understand problems of the people of constituency
3. As societies are large they need not to worry about the issues, they can appoint a
representative.
4. To run country making laws and policy and to provide equitable opportunity to all.

How many parties should we have

Currently 2598 registered parties are there in India (750 as per the NCERT)
out of which 8 are national parties
52 are state parties
2538 are unrecognised parties

System of Political parties

1. One party system- China
2. Two Party system- USA. UK
3. Multi party system- India
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Condition System
It is a feature of multi party system. In thus parties form alliance to form majority it is call
front.
- Multi party system lead to initially and all situations

National party
Party securing 6% of total votes in lok sabha election or assembly elections in 4 states in
and atleast win 4 seats in lok sabha.

There are [6 in book (2006)] National Parties.

Party Name Year founded Founded By

INC ( Indian national Congress) 1885 A.O Humme
BJP ( Bhartiya janta party) 1980 A.B Bajpai, L.K Advani
BSP ( Bhartiya Samajvadi Party 1984 KanshiRam
CPI (M) Communist Party of Indian Marxist 1964 Group of Politician
CPI 1925 M.N Roy, S.A. Dany
NCP ( National Congress Party ) 1999 Shrad Pawar
AITC ( All India Trinmool Congress)
NPP (National Peoples Party)

State Parties
6% votes in legislative Assembly of state and win two seats.
- These are Regional Parties
- Samaj wadi Party RJD, JD(U) etc.
- increase in Regional Party has been seen since 1990’ s

Challenges to political parties

1. lack of Internal democracy

• Only few at leaders hold all the power
• meetings are not organized neither consultation is done.
• Internal elections are not done regularly.
2. Dynastic succession
• Congress
• S.P
3. Money and muscle power
• illegal means are used to stay in power.
• Rich people influence the policies and decision.
4. Meaningful Choice
• All most every party contest on the burning topics and mot on the issue of
development.
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5. Defection
when the member changes party for their political benefit.

Reform in Political parties

1. Anti defection law was introduced in 1985 in order to prevent the defection. If any
members changes party He/she Loses the seats in the legislative.
2. Every candidate has to submit affidavit giving details of their property and criminal
cases against them.
3. Election commission has made it mandatory for political parties to hold their
organizational elections and file their income tax returned.
4. Law should be made to regulate.
1. Internal affairs of political parties.
2. Members registration.
3. Elections for highest post.
5. Women representation should be increased.
6. Funding of election should be approved by

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 Outcomes of Democracy
Class 10 – Civics
Notes

Democracy is better because

1. Promote equality
2. Enhance the dignity of individual.
3. Improves quality of decision making.
4. Provides a method to resolves conflicts.
5. Allow room to correct mistakes.

Dilemma – Democracy is seen to be good in principle, but felt to be not so good

in it’s practice.

We often expect a lot from democracy but we need to understand that it’s just a
form of government. It is citizens who have to consider the advantages of those
conditions and achieve those goals.

Accountable responsive and Legitimate Government

In a Democracy
1. Citizens have right to choose their ruler.
2. Citizens have control over the ruler.
3. Citizens should be able to participate in decision making.
4. Government is accountable to the citizens and responsive to the needs and
expectations of the citizens.

Democracy Vs Non Democracy

1. Deliberation and negotiation-Non- Domestic ruler do not have to bother
about deliberation in assemblies or worry about Public opinion.
Democracy is based on the idea of deliberation and negotiation.
2. Decision making – In Non- democratic government decision are taken very
fast as government doesn’t have to follow the procedure or worry about the
citizens. In contrast, the democratic government will take more time to
follow procedure before arriving at a decision. These decision are taken as
per procedure and may be both more acceptable to the people and more
effective.
3. Transparency – Democratic government is more transparent than non
democratic as citizens have the right to know the procedure followed in
decision making.
4. Accountable- Democratic government is accountable as citizens can ask
questions about decision making.
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Following practice and institutions may be followed
a) Regular, free and fair elections.
b) Open public debate on major policies and legislative.
c) Citizens have right to information about the government and it’s
functioning.
5. Legitimate government – It may be slave, less efficient, non always
responsive or clean. But democratic government is people own
government.

Loopholes
1. It may not be attractive to the needs and demand of people.
2. Corruption

Economic Growth and development

Democracy doesn’t guarantee Economic development
1. In between 1950 and 2000, dictatorship have slightly tiger rate of economic
growth.

Types of regime Growth rate

Democratic 3.95
Dictatorial 4.42
Poor countries under democracy 4.28
Poor countries under dictatorship 4.34

2. There is high income inequalities are seen in democratic government.

For example in South Africa top 20% of population hold 64.8 % share of national
income bottom 20% hold only 2.9 %
However economic development depend on other factors such as:
a) Country’s population size.
b) Global situations.
c) Co-operation from other countries
d) Economic priorities adopted by the country.

Reduction of inequality and Poverty

Democracies are based on political equality. All individual have equal weight in
electing representation. It doesn’t guarantee economic equality.
Democracies do not appear to be very successful in reducing economic
inequalities.

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Accommodation of social diversity
➢ Democracies accommodate various social division. Ex: Belgium.
➢ Ability to handle social difference divisions and conflicts is thus a definite
plus points of democracy.
➢ In a democracy, ideological majorities matters rather than majority in terms
of religion or race or linguistic group etc.
➢ Majority need to work with the minority so that government functions to
represent the general views.

Dignity and freedom of the citizens

Two basic principle of democracy
1. Dignity for all.
2. Freedom of the individual.

For example women’s struggle for their dignity.

➢ In non democratic set up principle of individual freedom and dignity would
not have the legal and moral force.
➢ In case of caste inequality

Democracies provide equal status and equal opportunity to the disadvantages and
discriminated caste.

Conclusion
Through in some areas democracy is not ideal. But it provide opportunity to
amend itself as per the need of society.

The fact that People are complaining is if a testimony to the success of

democracy. It shows that people have developed awareness and the ability to
expect.
➢ A public expression of dissatisfaction with democracy shows the success of
the democratic project.

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