1. Newspaper headlines such as those above most directly contributed to which of the following?

(A) The capture of the terrorists by American authorities

(B) The selection of Theodore Roosevelt as a vice-presidential candidate
(C) The declaration of war against Spain by the U.S. Congress
(D) The attack by the U.S. Navy on Manila Bay

2. Who of the following would most strongly support the sentiments in these headlines?
(A) Members of Protestant missionary societies
(B) Midwestern and western Democrats
(C) President William McKinley
(D) Expansionists such as Henry Cabot Lodge

3. The point of view of this newspaper most clearly reflects

(A) The theory of the safety-valve
(B) The concept of jingoism
(C) The idea of isolationism
(D) The views of the pro-business lobby
4. Questions 4-6 refer to the excerpt below.
"We hold that the policy known as imperialism is hostile to liberty and tends toward militarism, an evil from
which it has been our glory to be free. We regret that it has become necessary in the land of Washington
and Lincoln to reaffirm that all men, of whatever race or color, are entitled to life, liberty, and the pursuit of
happiness ...."We earnestly condemn the policy of the present national administration in the Philippines. It
seeks to extinguish the spirit of 1776 in those islands .... We denounce the slaughter of the Filipinos as a
needless horror. We protest against the extension of American sovereignty by Spanish methods. We
demand the immediate cessation of the war against liberty, begun by Spain and continued by us. We urge
that Congress be promptly convened to announce to the Filipinos our purpose to concede to them the
independence for which they have so long fought and which of right is theirs."
-Platform of the American Anti-Imperialist League, October 17, 1899

4. With which of the following would supporters of this excerpt most likely agree?
(A) The peoples of Asia had a right to govern themselves without outside interference.
(B) The United States had a duty to bring a new civilization and religion to the former Spanish colonies.
(C) The people of the Philippines were unprepared and unfit to govern themselves.
(D) The United States should control weak countries that might fall to other great powers.

5. Which of the following most directly contributed to the anti-imperialist sentiments expressed in the
excerpt?
(A) The sensationalism of the popular press of the time
(B) The provisions of the peace treaty ending the Spanish-American War
(C) The expansionist politics of Theodore Roosevelt and Henry Cabot Lodge
(D) The debate over the Platt Amendment and its consequences

6. Which of the following represents a policy that the authors of the excerpt would most likely support?
(A) Secretary John Hay's Open Door Policy
(B) President Roosevelt's "gentlemen's agreement"
(C) President Taft's "dollar diplomacy"
(D) President Wilson's signing of the Jones Act in 1916

Questions 7-8 refer to the excerpt below.

"Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society,
may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western
Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States,
however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of international
police power ..."We would interfere with them only in the last resort, and then only if it became evident that
their inability or unwillingness to do justice at home and abroad had violated the rights of the United States
or has invited foreign aggression to the detriment of the entire body of American nations."
-Theodore Roosevelt, Speech to Congress, Dec. 6, 1904
7. This excerpt most directly reflects the continuation of the policy that
(A) The United States should remain neutral and impartial in European conflicts
(B) The United States should exercise international police power
(C) The independent nations of the Americas should remain free from European intervention
(D) The United States should civilize and educate other nations in the Americas

8. Which of the following was the most direct result of the policy stated in this excerpt?
(A) The United States aided the Cuban rebels against their Spanish rulers
(B) The United States intervened in many American countries in the early 20th century
(C) U.S. troops helped American settlers overthrow the monarchy in Hawaii
(D) President Roosevelt was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906

“Worst of any, however, were the fertilizer men, and those who served in the cooking rooms. These
people could not be shown to the visitor—for the odor of a fertilizer man would scare any ordinary at a
hundred yards, and as for other men who worked in the tank rooms full of steam, their particular trouble
was that they fell into the vats; and when they were fished out, there was never enough of them to be worth
exhibiting—sometimes they would be overlooked for days, till all but the bones of them has gone out to the
world as Durham’s Pure Leaf Lard!”
--Upton Sinclair, The Jungle, 1909
9. The above excerpt is most clearly associated with which sector of the Progressive movement?
(A) Muckrakers
(B) Trust busters
(C) Wisconsin Idea
(D) Square Deal

10. The Jungle directly contributed to the passage of the

(A) National Labor Act
(B) Meat Inspection Act
(C) Eight Hour Day
(D) Federal Trade Commission

11. Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle was primarily concerned about working conditions. Which of the following
most directly helped organized labor?
(A) Mann-Elkins act
(B) The White House Conference
(C) Clayton Anti-Trust Act
(D) National Urban League

“No person liable to military service shall hereafter be permitted or allowed to furnish a substitute for such
service; nor shall any substitute be received, enlisted, or enrolled in the military service of the United States;
and no such person shall be permitted to escape such service or to be discharged therefrom prior to the
expiration of his term of service by the payment of money or any other valuable thing whatsoever as
consideration his release from military service or liability there to.”
—Selective Service Act of 1917
12. The provision above eliminated an unpopular draft component used during the
(A) War of 1812
(B) Mexican War
(C) Civil War
(D) War of 1898

13. Which source below would be most useful for a historian studying the popularity of the draft among
eligible American men?
(A) n original Selective Service registration card
(B) statistics showing total number of draft evasions
(C) a speech by President Wilson endorsing the act
(D) propaganda posters urging the purchase of government bonds

14. Which group below was most likely to challenge the Selective Service Act?
(A) Progressives
(B) Socialists
(C) Republicans
(D) Democrats

15. Which of the following correctly describes the role of conscription in the United States from 1800 to
1920?
(A) The United States had always had a large standing army in times of peace, so the draft was rarely
needed
(B) The United States maintained a regular draft, so that troops were always available when needed
(C) The United States implemented drafts only when Republican administrations were in power
(D) The United States was able to avoid implementing drafts for most of this period unless circumstances
made it unavoidable.

16. The cartoon by Theodor Geisel or Dr. Seuss expresses

(A) Support for the arguments of isolationists
(B) Confidence that the war in Europe would not reach the United States
(C) Derision for those who argued that the war in Europe could not reach the United States
(D) Opposition to policies such as FDR’s Quarantine speech and Lend-Lease
"To be sure, much of progressivism was exclusionary. Yet we can now recognize not a singular political
persuasion, but rather a truly plural set of progressivisms, with workers, African Americans, women, and
even Native Americans-along with a diverse and contentious set of middling folk-taking up the language and
ideas of what was once conceived of as an almost entirely white, male, middle-class movement. As for the
dreams of democracy from the period: despite the frequent blindness of those who embodied them, they
remain bold, diverse, and daring. It is for this reason that democratic political theorists ... have looked so
longingly at the active citizenship of the Progressive Era, seeking ways to rekindle the democratic impulses
of a century ago."
-Robert D. Johnston, historian, "The Possibilities of Politics," 2011

17. Which of the following interpretations of progressivism would most likely support this excerpt?
(A) Progressives were mostly conservatives in disguise
(B) Progressives were almost entirely white, middle class, and urban
(C) Progressives were educated modernizers interested in efficiency
(D) Progressives were a diverse group who supported various reforms

18. Which of the following would most directly support the argument that Progressives were "exclusionary"?
(A) Rural agrarian reformers played little role in the movement
(B) Women's movements were sidelined by male-dominated governments
(C) Progressives did little to end the segregation of African Americans
(D) Most Progressive wanted to keep immigrants and laborers from voting

19. Which of the following Progressive reforms most directly promoted "active citizenship"?
(A) City manager laws
(B) Breaking up trusts
(C) The direct election of senators
(D) Regulatory commission

Questions 20-21 refer to the excerpt below.

"We believe that God created both man and woman in His own image, and, therefore, we believe in one
standard of purity for both men and women, and in equal rights of all to hold opinions and to express the
same with equal freedom. "We believe in a living wage; in an eight-hour day; in courts of conciliation and
arbitration; in justice as opposed to greed of gain; in 'peace on earth and goodwill to men.' "We therefore
formulate and, for ourselves, adopt the following pledge, asking our sisters and brothers of a common
danger and a common hope to make common cause with us in working its reason able and helpful precepts
into the practice of everyday life: "I hereby solemnly promise, God helping me, to abstain from all distilled,
fermented, and malt liquors, including wine, beer, and cider, and to employ all proper means to discourage
the use of and traffic in the same."
-National Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Annual Leaflet, 1902
20. The above excerpt most directly reflects that the temperance movement
(A) Started out as an unpopular women's fringe group
(B) Appealed to a varied constituency of reformers
(C) Drew strong support from immigrant groups
(D) Gained support by opposing the "liquor trust"

21. The Prohibition movement was similar to other Progressive reforms because it
(A) Began on the local and state levels before becoming national
(B) Started out under the leadership of the Christian clergy
(C) Primarily was concerned about poor immigrant workers
(D) Aimed to reduce immorality destroying family life

“National I must remain, and in that way I like all other Americans can render the amplest service to the
world. The United States is the world's best hope, but if you fetter her in the interests and quarrels of other
nations, if you tangle her in the intrigues of Europe, you will destroy her power for good and endanger her
very existence. Leave her to march freely through the centuries to come as in the years that have gone.”
Henry Cabot Lodge on the League of Nations, 1919
22. The ultimate outcome of the subject referred to in the excerpt was
(A) A new wave of imperialistic conquest
(B) A return to isolationist policies
(C) Increased entanglement in European affairs
(D) Increased nationalistic fervor

23. The ideas used in the excerpt most directly reflect the influence of what?
(A) Roosevelt Corollary
(B) Alfred Thayer Mahan’s Influence of Sea Power Upon History
(C) Washington’s Farewell Address
(D) Manifest Destiny
24. This political cartoon most clearly depicts which of the following historical developments in the late
19th and early twentieth centuries?
(A) Imperialism
(B) Industrialization
(C) Isolationism
(D) Immigration

25. The cartoon most directly reflects a growing belief that:

(A) America should pursue military involvement in the Western hemisphere
(B) Isolationism would improve the American economy
(C) America should spread democracy to other countries
(D) The American government should pursue nation building

26. The cartoon above represents a continuation of what earlier 19th century movement
(A) Manifest Destiny
(B) Populism
(C) Social Gospel
(D) Nativism
27. This poster serves as evidence of which of the following occurring in the U.S. at the time?
(A) The creation of an American propaganda machine as seen in the Committee on Public Information.
(B) A rapid increase of immigration during World War I, requiring food rationing.
(C) The growing anti-immigrant feeling in America, which was exacerbated by the war.
(D) Repositioning of the United States from a manufacturing-based economy to an economy based on
farming and agriculture.

28. This events in this poster would most likely appeared during which of the following periods?
(A) The Spanish American War
(B) World War I
(C) The Great Depression
(D) World War II

One Way Ticket (Langston Hughes)

I am fed up
With Jim Crow laws,
People who are cruel
And afraid,
Who lynch and run,
Who are scared of me
And me of them.
I pick up my life
And take it away
On a one-way ticket
Gone Up North
Gone Out West
Gone!

29. The poem above refers to which event in U.S. history?

(A) The Civil War
(B) Reconstruction
(C) The Great Migration
(D) World War I

30. The author, Langston Hughes, is most closely identified with which literary movement in American
History?
(A) Transcendentalism
(B) Realism
(C) The Harlem Renaissance
(D) Modernism

31. In the poem, the term “Jim Crow” laws refer to Southern
(A) Laws passed during Reconstruction to protect African Americans.
(B) Laws that placed poll taxes on voting for African Americans.
(C) Laws that prevented African American males from holding public office.
(D) Laws that mandated segregation of the races in public places.
Questions 32-34 refer to the excerpts below.
I wish that those who oppose this settlement could feel the moral obligation that rests upon us not to turn
our backs on the boys who died, but to see the thing through, to see it through to the end and make good
their redemption of the world. For nothing less depends upon this decision, nothing less than liberation and
salvation of the world.
President Woodrow Wilson, speech in Pueblo Colorado, September 25, 1919.
The United States is the world's best hope, but if you fetter her in the interests and quarrels of other
nations, if you tangle her in the intrigues of Europe, you will destroy her power for good and endanger her
very existence. Leave her to march freely through the centuries to come as in the years that have gone.
Henry Cabot Lodge, speech in Washington D.C., August 12, 1919

32. Which of the following most directly prompted the arguments in the speeches above
(A) The congressional vote to declare war on Germany
(B) The creation of the United Nations
(C) The push to imperialize in Africa
(D) The signing of the Treaty of Versailles

33. The arguments of Wilson and Lodge best represent which of the following recurring foreign policy
debates in United States History
(A)Imperialism vs. Anti-Imperialism
(B) Isolation vs. Intervention
(C) Flexible Response vs. Massive Retaliation
(D) Manifest Destiny vs. Neutrality

34. Which of the following groups would most likely support the views expressed by Henry Cabot Lodge
(A) Federalists during Washington’s presidency
(B) Opponents of the Monroe Doctrine
(C) Democrats during Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s presidency
(D) Supporters of the Vietnam War

Questions 35-37 refer to the excerpt below.

"On the first of February, we intend to begin submarine warfare unrestricted. In spite of this it is our
intention to keep neutral the United States of America. "If this attempt is not successful we propose an
alliance on the following basis with Mexico: that we shall make war together and together make peace. We
shall give financial support, and it is understood that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in New
Mexico, Texas and Arizona. The details are left for your settlement."
-Arthur Zimmermann, German Foreign Minister, January 19, 1917
35. Which of the following does this excerpt support as the primary cause of the U.S. declaration of war in
April 1917?
(A) Mexico's plan to invade the United States
(B) Germany's violations of U.S. neutral rights
(C) Pro-British intelligence and propaganda
(D) Germany's violation of the Monroe Doctrine

36. When the Zimmermann message was made public, most people in the United States
(A) viewed it as a threat by Germany against Mexico
(B) feared that a German victory would split the United States
(C) expressed nationalist anger against Germany
(D) assumed it was the result of Allied propaganda

37. The issue of freedom of the seas in World War I most closely resembles the cause of which of the
following conflicts?
(A) War of 1812
(B) Mexican War of 1846
(C) The American Civil War
(D) Spanish-American War of 1898

Questions 38-40 refer to the excerpt below.

"I think all men recognize that in time of war the citizen must surrender some rights for the common good
which he is entitled to enjoy in time of peace. But sir, the right to control their own government, according
to constitutional forms, is not one of the rights that the citizens of this country are called upon to surrender
in time of war ...."Mr. President, our Government, above all others, is founded on the right of the people
freely to discuss all matters pertaining to their Government, in war not less than in peace .... How can the
popular will express itself between elections except by meetings, by speeches, by publications, by petitions,
and by addresses to the representatives of the people? "Any man who seeks to set a limit upon these rights,
whether in war or peace, aims a blow at the most vital part of our Government."
-Robert M. Lafollette, Congressional Record, October 6, 1917

38. What does the author imply by the phrase, "not one of the rights that the citizens of this country are
called upon to surrender in time of war"?
(A) Citizens do not lose their freedom of speech during war
(B) Citizens should not have to pay taxes during war
(C) The Constitution protects the rights of people to disrupt the draft
(D) The Constitution allows people to fight for the opponent in a war

39. Which of the following during World War I proved the most direct threat to the perspective on civil
rights in this excerpt?
(A) Spread of the Bolshevik Revolution
(B) The Espionage and Sedition Acts
(C) The Committee for Public Information
(D) Schenck v. United States

40. Which of the following conflicts raised the most similar concerns about the violation of civil rights as did
World War I?
(A) War of 1812
(B) Mexican War of 1846
(C) The American Civil War
(D) Spanish-American War of 1898