Bio-Geographical Classification Of

India
Bio-Geographical Classification of India is the division of India
according to bio-geographical characteristics. Bio-Geography is
the study of the distribution of species, organisms and ecosystems
in geographic space and through geographical time.
There are 10 bio-geographical zones in India:
1) Trans Himalayan Zone
2) Himalayan Zone
3) Desert Zone
4) Semi Arid Zone
5) Western Ghats
6) Deccan Plateau Zone
7) Gangetic Plain Zone
8) North East Zone
9) The Andaman and Nicobar Island Zone
10) Costal Belt Zone
Trans Himalayan Zone:
 The Himalayans are extended to the Tibetan plateau. This region covers high
altitude desert in Jammu and Kashmir and Himanchal Pradesh. It accounts
for 5.7% of the landmass of the country.
Himalayan Zone:
 It forms northern boundaries of India and constitutes 6.4% of the total
geographical area. It covers some of the highest peaks in the world. The
Himalayan zone makes India one of the richest area in terms of habitats and
species
Desert Zone:
 Indian Desert Zone, constituting 6.6% of the total geographical area includes
the Thar and Kutch deserts and has large expanses of grassland that support
several endangered species of mammals.
Semi Arid Zone:
Semi Arid Zone, constituting 16.6% of the total geographical area is a
transition between the desert and the dense forests of Western Ghats.
This semi arid regions also have several artificial and natural lakes and
marshy lands.
Western Ghats:
 The western ghats are the mountain range that runs along the western cost of
the country. It constitutes 4% of country's landmass. Its range extends from
north south tip of Gujarat to Kanyakumari in the south. It is one of the major
tropical evergreen forest regions in India and represents one of the two bio-
diversity ‘hot spots’.
Deccan Plateau Zone:
 Deccan Plateau is India's largest bio-geographical region covering 42%
of the country's landmass. It is a semi arid region that falls in the rain
shadow area of the western ghats. It is a large triangular plateau, south
of the Narmada Valley.
Gangetic Plain Zone:
This plain covers the area between the south Himalayas to the Tropic of
Cancer. These plains were formed by the Ganges river system and are
relatively homogeneous, covering 10.7% of the country's landmass,
with an average rainfall of 600mm.
North East Zone:
These are plains and Non-Himalayan ranges of north eastern India
and have a wide variety of vegetation. It covers around 5.2% of the
country's landmass.
The Andaman and Nicobar Island Zone:
This constitutes 0.3% of the total geographical area. This is one of
the three tropical moist evergreen forest zones in India. The island
houses an array of flora and fauna not found else where.
Costal Belt Zone:
Costal region constitutes 2.5% of total geographical area with sandy
beaches, mud flats, mangroves, corel leaves etc. which makes region
wealthy
Thankyou!