De f i n i n g

A r t s
Art is a part of life.
Assumptions and
Misconceptions of
Arts
Imagination
abstraction of a certain thought or feeling that produces a
good art based on reality or experience (Holliek, 2014)

Expression
an automatic response to imagination. In art, it can either be
positive or negative
Etymology and Definition of Art
• Art is derived from a Latin term ars which
means skill, talent or ability.
• Art is skill in making or doing something
• Art is uniquely human and tied directly to
culture.

Do you believe that creativity is the mother of all

inventions?
The Humanities
• coined from the
Latin words
humanus and
humanitas
meaning humans
Elements of Arts
• nature is the art of God
Art Genres
• Verbal arts include literature and oratory, which
use words and language
• Non-verbal arts use no words but motor skills
like drawing, architecture, graphic arts, fashion
design, etc.
• Mixed art utilizes the combined elements of
verbal and non-verbal arts such as advertisement
for commercial purpose, theater and drama
 Art History
Art history begins with the emergence of human
being whose imagination propels an expression of
great legacies that human civilizations have
witnessed.
Pre-Historic Art
• Regarded as nomads, our early ancestors engaged
in primitive art using stone flakes to produce fire to
protect themselves
• relied on the use of natural pigments and stone
carvings
Ancient Art
• produced by advanced civilizations,
which in this case refers to those
with an established written language
• medium of a work of art from this
period varies depending on the
civilization that produced it, but
most art served similar purposes
Medieval Art
• often referred to as the “Dark Ages”
• period of economic and cultural
deterioration following the fall of
the Roman Empire
• artwork produced in the early years
of the period reflects that darkness,
characterized by grotesque imagery
and brutal scenery
Modern Period
Mannerism (1950), Baroque (1650), Rococo (1700s),
Neoclassical (1800), Romanticism (1800), Realism (1860),
Photography (1850), Impressionism (1865-1885), Post
Impressionism (1900), Fauvism and Expressionism (1910),
Cubism, Futurism, Suprematism, Constructivism, and De Stijl
(1905-1920) and Surrealism (1930)
Modern Period
Mannerism (1527–1580). Mannerist artists emerged from the
ideals of Michelangelo, Raphael, and other Late Renaissance
artists, but their focus on style and technique outweighed the
meaning of the subject matter. Often, figures had graceful,
elongated limbs, small heads, stylized features and
exaggerated details.
Modern Period
Baroque (1600–1750). Baroque
paintings were characterized by
drama , as seen in the iconic
works of Italian painter
Caravaggio and Dutch painter
Rembrandt. Painters used an
intense contrast between light
and dark and had energetic
compositions matched by rich
color palettes.
Modern Period
Neoclassicism (1750–1850).
Neoclassical artists were
influenced by classical
elements; in particular, a
focus on idealism. Inevitably,
they also included modern,
historically relevant
depictions in their works.
Modern Period
Romanticism (1780–1850).
Prominent Romantic painters include
Henry Fuseli, who created strange,
macabre paintings that explored the
dark recesses of human psychology,
and William Blake, whose mysterious
poems and images conveyed mystical
visions and his disappointment in
societal constraints.
Modern Period
Realism (1848–1900). Each
inspired new interest in
accurately capturing everyday
life. This attention to accuracy
is evident in art produced
during the movement, which
featured detailed, life-like
depictions of subject matter.
Modern Period
Art Nouveau (1890–1910). Art
Nouveau, which translates to “New
Art,” attempted to create an entirely
authentic movement free from any
imitation of styles that preceded it.
This movement heavily influenced
applied arts, graphics, and illustration.
It focused on the natural world,
characterized by long, sinuous lines
and curves.
Modern Period
Op Art (1950s–1960s).
Heightened by advances in
science and technology as well
as an interest in optical effects
and illusions, the Op art (short
for “optical” art) movement
launched with Le Mouvement,
a group exhibition at Galerie
Denise Rene in 1955
Modern Period
Pop Art (1950s–1960s).
Pop art is one of the most
recognizable artistic
developments of the 20th
century. The movement
transitioned away from
methods used in Abstract
Expressionism
Modern Period
Minimalism (1960s–1970s).
The Minimalist movement
emerged in New York as a
group of younger artists
began to question the overly
expressive works of
Abstract Expressionist
artists.
Contemporary Art
The 1970s marked the beginning of contemporary art, which
extends through present day. This period is dominated by
various schools and smaller movements that emerged.
• Postmodernism - reflected skepticism
• Feminist art - transform stereotypes
• Neo Expressionism - revive Expressionism
• Street art - graffiti-like art
• The Pictures Generation - recognizable imagery
• Appropriation art - use of images in art
• Young British Artists (YBA)
• Digital art - infusion of art and technology
Work of Art: Subject,
Form and Content
Subject
The choices for subjects in the visual arts are endless
• types of subjects of art - representational and non-
representational

Sources and Kinds of Subjects

• Nature
• People and World Events
• Myths and Legends
• Spiritual and Religious Beliefs
• Ideas commissioned by Employers
Form/Composition
Form is the over all organization of the artwork. It is
an outcome of the artists’ effort to use the elements
of art and arrange them according to aesthetic
principles.
• two-dimensional
• three-dimensional
Form/Composition
Two-dimensional art
• This type of art begins the work on a flat surface called a
plane.
Characteristics of two-dimensional art
a. It has mathematical dimensions of width and height
b. They can be decorative spaces or plastic spaces.

Plane/Picture frame – this can be interpreted as a limitation of

two-dimensional artists
Form/Composition
Two-dimensional Media
a. Drawing. It is a process of moving an instrument over a
smooth surface to leave a mark, mostly in the form of line.

b. Paintings. It is an art process or media where the artist applies

colors to surfaces using paint brush, painting knives or rollers.
Form/Composition
Three-dimensional Media
• Sculpture. A type of three-dimensional art where, most of
the media used are clay, glass, plastics, wood, stone or
metals.
• Assembling. It is the process of constructing a sculpture
using different materials.
• Modeling. It is an additive process where the artist
gradually adds more of the material to build the form
• Carving. It is a subtractive process where the sculpture
removed, cuts, chips or drill parts of the sold mass to create
the form
Form/Composition
Three-dimensional Media
• Casting. It comes in the manipulative process where
materials like soft pliable materials are made into shapes
using manual hand force of machine manufactures force.
• Crafts. Usually, crafts made with functions are baskets,
plates, cups, vases, jars, etc.
• Architecture. Shelters, buildings, monuments and religious
shrines are some of the few by-products of architecture.
Form/Composition
Technological Media
• Photography. This is technique of “capturing optical images
on the light sensitive camera.”
• Films and Videos. Film making was a by-product of
people’s interest towards still pictures by transforming them
into continuously seamless movements.
• Computer Arts. Graphic designers rely on computers and its
applications to create art.
The Artists and the
Artisans
Comparing Artists to Artisans
• Artists and artisans fill different roles in the art sector.
• Artists work in the fine arts including painting, illustration
and sculpture
• Artisans are craftsmen who work in textiles. pottery, glass
and television, long and round tables. room doors. etc.
• Artists focus on creating aesthetically pleasing works, while
artisans' work focuses on accessorizing functionality more
than aesthetics.
Artist
• All fine artists first learn to sketch and begin with a pencil
and sketchpad to work with an idea on paper.

The job responsibilities of an artist include:

• Developing ideas for a canvas or product:
• Selecting a medium for a final Work. including texture,
size, or area;
• Collecting work for a portfolio and
• Applying for grants for financial support.
Artisans
• Artisans are craftsmen who make practical artistic products:
such as earrings. urns, stained glass and other accessories

The job responsibilities of an artisan include:

• Using and mixing mediums like paint, metal, glass, or
fabric;
• Shaping, gluing, sewing. testing and producing products;
• Displaying work at various sites including auctions, craft
shows or online markets; and
• Estimating costs and material needs.
"For the artisan, craft is an end in itself. For
the artist craft is the vehicle for expressing
your vision. Craft is the visible edge of art"
-Bayles, 2020
Award, Recognition and Renown
• An award is something that is conferred or bestowed
especially on the basis of merit or need. In giving the
award, there are two aspects of reputation that we need to
consider: recognition and renown.
• Recognition refers to an esteem credit given to an artist’s
best performance in the art world.
• A renown artist signifies a more cosmopolitan form of
recognition beyond the esoteric circles in which the artist
moves.
National and GAMABA Artist’s Notable
Works and Contributions
• National Living Treasures Award, alternatively known as the
Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA) Award for the
Creators of the Country) is conferred to a person or group of
artists recognized by the Government of the Philippines for
their contributions to the country’s intangible cultural heritage.
• a Filipino citizen or group of Filipino citizens engaged in any
traditional art uniquely Filipino, whose distinctive skills have
reached such a high level of technical and artistic excellence
and have been passed on to
National and GAMABA Artist’s Notable
Works and Contributions
These are the Qualifications to Become a Manlilikha ng Bayan
based on the NCCA Guidelines (NCCA, 2020):
• He/she is an inhabitant of an indigenous/traditional cultural
community anywhere in the Philippines that has preserved
indigenous customs, beliefs, rituals and traditions and/or has
syncretized whatever external elements that have influenced it.

• He/she must have engaged in a folk-art tradition that has been

in existence and documented for at least fifty (50) years.
National and GAMABA Artist’s Notable
Works and Contributions
• He/she must have consistently performed or produced over a
significant period, works of superior and distinctive quality.
• He/she must possess a mastery of tools and materials needed
by the art and must have an established reputation in the art as
master and maker of works of extraordinary technical quality.
• He/she must have passed on and/or will pass on to other
members of the community their skills in the folk art for which
the community is traditionally known
 GAMABA Awardees
Ginaw Binlog

Hails from Mansalay, Mindoro. He’s an expert

in Ambahan Poetry. He made sure to spread it
to his community in order to persevere their
culture specifically the Hanunoo Mangyan
language. Limited sources did not hinder him
from spreading and preserving the culture of
his community. He received the award last
1993.
 GAMABA Awardees
Masino Intaray

He is a musician and story teller who hails

from Brookes Point, Palawan. Masino is not
only well-versedx in the instruments and
traditions of basal, kulilal and bagit but also
plays aroding (mouth harp) and babarak (ring
flute) and above all is a prolific and pre-
eminent epic chanter and storyteller. He
accepted the award last 1993.
 GAMABA Awardees
Samaon Suiaiman

He is a musician who came from

Mamasapano. Maguindanao. He excels in
playing the krayapi. His extensive repertoire
of dinaladav, linapu, minuna, binalig and other
forms and styles interpreted with refinement
and sensitivity fully demonstrate creative and
expressive possibilities of his instrument. He
was awarded last 1993.
 GAMABA Awardees
Lang Dulay

She is a T 'boli textile dream weaver who hails

from Lake Sebu. South Cotabato. She relives
the history of their tribe by means of weaving;
her intricate design shows such thing. She
received tile award last 1998.
 GAMABA Awardees
Salinta Monon

She is a Tagabawa Bagobo textile weaver who

came from Bansalan, Davao del Sur. Despite
the absence of formal education or training,
she learned the art of weaving from her
mother and soon perfected it. As she became
an expert of weaving, she shared her
knowledge to her fellow Bagobo women so
that their culture will be preserved. Just like
Lang Dulay, she obtained the award in 1998.
 GAMABA Awardees
Alonzo Saclag

He is a musician and dancer who comes from

Lubuagan, Kalinga. He teaches a lot of people
especially his fellow tribesmen in the
performing arts so that the culture of their
ancestors will not be forgotten. He got the
award last 2000.
 GAMABA Awardees
Frederico Caballero

He is an epic chanter from Calinog, Iloilo.

He’s well-versed with Sulod-Bukidnon, one of
the country’s indigenous languages. His
expertise is oral literature, specifically the
epics that talks about his people and their
culture. He got the award year 2000.
 GAMABA Awardees
Uwang Adahas

He is a musician of the Yakan Muslim Tribe

from Lamitan, Basilan. The proliferation of
Western-based instruments did not discourage
him from mastering the Yakan musical
instruments: kwintangan, for women and
agung, for men. He got the award year 2000.
 GAMABA Awardees
Darhata Sawabi

She is- a Tausug textile weaver from Parang,

Sulu. Even though her place is infamously
known for terrorists, it did not hamper her to
Icaru and master the art of pissyabit She
continuously teaches her mastery of weaving
to other people in order to promote their
culture. She received the award last 2004
 GAMABA Awardees
Eduardo Mutuc

He is a proficient metalsmith from Apalit,

Pampanga. He is a specialist in religious and
secular art. Regardless Of the low income that
he received from his profession he is
contented because his passion is towards his
work, not for the money per se, He was
awarded last 2004.
 GAMABA Awardees
Haja Amina Appi

She is a mat weaver Of the Sama tribe who's

from Tandubas. Tawi-Tawi. She is respected
throughout her community for her unique
designs. the straightness of her edging and
fineness of her sasa and kima-kima. She
awarded last 2004.
 GAMABA Awardees
Teofilo Garcia

He is a casque who came from San Quintin,

Abra. Even if there is no celebrity endorser,
Teofilo is his own endorser of product that he
is making - tabungaw. Somehow. it gotten the
attention of the people around him and to who
pass around. It made them realize that it's a
better alternative than the conventional
umbrella or cap. He got the award last 2012.
 The Order of National Artists
• A National Artist is Filipino citizen who has been given
the rank and title of National Artist in recognition of his
or her significant contributions to the development of
Philippine arts and letters.
• The rank and title of National Artist is conferred by
means of a Presidential proclamation.
• It recognizes excellence in the fields of Music. Dance,
Theater, Visual Arts, Literature, Film and Broadcast Arts.
And Architecture or Allied Arts.
 The Order of National Artists
• given a Grand Collar symbolizing their status
• jointly administered by the National Commission for
Culture and the Arts (NCCA) and the Cultural Center of
the Philippines (CCP)
• it embodies the nation's highest ideals in humanism and
aesthetic expression through the distinct achievements of
individual citizens
The Insignia of The Order of National
Artists
• composed of a Grand Collar featuring circular links
portraying the arts and an eight-pointed conventionalized
sunburst suspended from a sampaguita wreath in green
and white enamel
• The central badge is a medallion divided into three equal
portions, red, white and blue, recalling the Philippine flag,
with three stylized letter Ks—the "KKK" stands for the
CCP's motto: "katotohanan, kabutihan, at kagandahan"
("the true, the good and the beautiful")
 The Insignia of The Order of National
Artists
• The Order of National Imelda
Romualdez Marcos, the CCP's
founder.
• composition of the Grand
Collar is silver gilt bronze
 The Order of National Artists
These are the Legal Bases for giving the Order of National
Artists from the Official Gazette of the Philippines (NCCA,
2020):
• Proclamation No. 1144, s. 1973 named the CCP Board of
Trustees as the National Artist Awards Committee (or
Secretariat).
• Presidential Decree No. 208, s. 1973 reiterated the mandate
of the CCP to administer the National Artist Awards as well
as the privileges and honors to National Artists.
• Executive Order No, 236 s. 2003, otherwise known as the
Honors Code of the Philippines, conferred additional
prestige on the National Artist Award by raising it to the
level of a Cultural Order
 THE NATIONAL ARTISTS
Lauro "Larry" Alcala
(18 August 1926-24 June 2002.)

He is famous for his cartoons. His

comic strips spiced up the slices of
Filipino lives with witty illustrations
executed throughout his 56 years of
cartooning. He created over 500
characters and 20 comic strips in
widely circulated publications.
 THE NATIONAL ARTISTS
Amelia Lapeña-Bonifacio

She is known as the Grand Dame of

Southeast Asian children's theatre.
She is the founder and playwright
director of the Teatrong Mulat ng
Pilipinas, which has placed the
Philippines on the artistic map of
world theater. She has written most of
the plays performed by the group based
on materials culled from careful
researches.
 THE NATIONAL ARTISTS
Ryan Cayabyab

He is the most accomplished composer,

arranger and musical director in the
Philippine music industry since it bloomed
beginning 1970s. His skillful and versatile
musical style spans a wide range of genres
— from conservatory or art compositions
such as concert religious music, symphonic
work, art song, opera and concerto to
mainstream popular idioms in the music
industry and in live contemporary shows.
 THE NATIONAL ARTISTS
Kidlat Tahimik (Eric de Guia)

He has continually invented himself

through his cinema and so his cinema is
as singular as the man. His debut film,
Mababangong Bangungot (1977), was
praised by critics and film makers from
Europe, North America, Asia and Africa
and is still considered by many as a
pioneering post-colonial essay film.
 THE NATIONAL ARTISTS
Resil B. Mojares

He is a teacher and scholar, essayist and

fictionist, and cultural and literary
historian. He is acknowledged as a
leading figure in the promotion of
regional literature and history. As
founding director of the Cebuano
Studies Center—an important research
institution which placed Cebu in the
research and documentation map— he
pioneered Cebuano and national identity
formation.