CARPENTRY;

LESSON 1: MATERIALS, TOOLS,

AND EQUIPMENTS USED IN
INSTALLING FORMWORKS
GROUP 1
LET’S LEARN!

• A carpenter is involved in different construction of infrastructure and installation of

wooden objects like furniture. He or she is able to cut and shape the wooden materials
such as lumber for construction, erection, installation, and repair of structures and
fixtures.
• Carpentry is defined as the art and science of working with timber, wood, or lumber in
order to construct and maintain bridges, buildings, and furniture, among others. This
chapter covers the care, use, and operation of various hand tools and equipment that are
commonly used in carpentry construction.
LET’S LEARN!

• The installation of formwork panels and components are indispensable in carpentry

works. The materials and tools that will be used in carpentry works must be accurately
selected, checked, and prepared as per job requirements.
• As a carpenter, remember that fully matured trees are good sources of lumber. They are
ready to be used and cut for commercial purposes.
 MATERIALS AND TOOLS IN CARPENTRY

A. Tools

1. Chalk line is used in making surface lines.

2. Claw hammer is used in driving and pulling out nails.
3. Crosscut saw- is used in cutting woods and plywood for construction.
4. Crowbar- is used to wreck and pull out larger nails.
5. Pencil- or any marking tool is used as a guide in marking lines and end
points of materials such as lumber and plywood.
6. Nylon string- is used to layout the forms for vertical or horizontal
installation.
7. Plumb bob- is used in checking the vertical alignment of the
installed formworks.
8. Steel rule- is used in measuring plywood and other construction
materials.
9. Spanner wrench-is used in turning bolts and nuts.
10.Spirit level- is used in testing the horizontal alignment of the
formwork.
11.Steel square- is used in checking, squaring and measuring big items
12.Try square is used is testing the squareness of smaller object
B. Materials
1. Common wire nails (CWN)- are used to fasten wood, metal, and plastic
together.
2. Lumber is used in making products like cabinets, tables, and chairs.
3. Working drawing plan is used as a reference for measurements,
dimensions, and other details.
4. Plywood- is commonly used in wood paneling, flooring, furniture, and
covering formwork in construction. Below are the 2 types of plywood.
a. Marine plywood is the best type of formwork. It can be used multiple
times because it is made of waterproof adhesive.
b. Ordinary plywood is widely used for formwork. It can be used up to three
times.
 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

• There are construction or work equipment that can protect workers from
possible health risk while at work or at the construction site.
• Personal protective equipment (PPE) is a standard clothing worn by
workers that will protect them from possible injuries or accidents while at
work or at the construction site.
• This includes items like safety hard hat, helmet, eye protection, gloves,
visibility clothing, safety harness, and footwear.
 USES OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT(PPE)
1.It must be assessed before use to ensure that it fits
the purpose.
2.It should be maintained and stored properly.
3.It must provide instructions on how to use it safely.
4.It should be used by workers correctly.
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF HAZARDS
1. Breathing Hazards: oxygen deficiency, vapor, gas, and dust
Options: half or full-face respirators, breathing apparatuses, disposable and filtering face
pieces or respirator, and air helmets
2. Eyes Hazards: dust, gas and vapor, projectiles, metal or chemical splash, and radiation
Options: face shields, safety goggles, spectacles, and visors
3. Feet and legs Hazards: cut and punctures, abrasions, falling objects, chemical and metal
splash, slipping, wet, and electrostatic build-up
Options: gaiters, spats, leggings, safety boots, and shoes
4. Head Hazards: flying or falling objects, hair entanglement, and risk of head bumping4
Options: hard hats, helmets, and bump caps
5. Heads and arms Hazards: abrasion, cuts and punctures, chemicals, disease or
contamination, chemical electric shock, and temperature extremes
Options: armlets, gauntlets, gloves, mitts, and wrist cuffs
6. Body Hazards: adverse weather, chemical or metal splash, contaminated dust, impact or
penetration, excessive entanglement or wear of own clothing, spray from pressure leaks or
spray guns, and temperature extremes
Options: boiler suits and workers protective clothing and disposable or conventional overalls
 COMMON LUMBER DEFECTS

• There is no perfect tree. A defect is simply an irregularity or

abnormality found in woods.
• There are innate defects caused by the natural characteristics
of woods to expand or to shrink in response to water vapor in
the air. But there are also artificial mechanical defects caused
by incorrect cutting and mechanical ,improper handling and
storage, and improper drying.
 COMMON DEFECTS IN WOODS ARE THE FOLLOWING:

1. Bow shows a bend on the face of a lumber from end to end.

2. Cup indicates hollow crossways on the face of the lumber.
3. Crook or Crown has a distortion along the edge of the line.
4. Knot or Knothole illustrates a dead knot that is surrounded by a dark ring or
may have left a hole.
5. Split is a crack that is commonly located on the end of the wood.
 COMMON DEFECTS IN WOODS ARE THE FOLLOWING:

6. Twist has multiple curves or bends in the wood.

7. Check indicates a crack on the wood's annual growth rings, and does not pass
through the entire thickness of the lumber.
8. Shake shows a separation of the grain between the growth rings. It often
extends along the face of the board.
9. Wane is a missing lumber or untrimmed bark along the edge or corner of the
piece.
 PROPERTIES OF WOOD
• Physical properties- can be measured and observed.
a) Density
b) Electrical properties
c) Mass
d) Moisture content,
e) Permeability;
f) and Shrinkage
 PROPERTIES OF WOOD

• Mechanical properties- are normally governed by

plasticity and elasticity, among others.
a) Elasticity
b) Strength
c) Vibration
 RECAP

• Carpentry materials and tools must be accurately selected, checked, and

prepared as per job requirements. PPE is a standard clothing worn by
workers in the workplace to protect them from possible injuries or accidents.
• The common defects in woods are bow, cup, crook or crown, knot or
knothole, split, twist, check, shake, and wane.
• The physical properties of woods are density, electrical properties, mass,
moisture content, permeability, and shrinkage. On the other hand, the
mechanical properties of woods are elasticity, strength, and vibration.
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