DATABASE SYSTEMS

Database Systems
Mariha Asad
 DATA

• Raw, unprocessed facts

• For example Any number (25), name of a person, name of a place
• Any kind of text audio, video etc.
 INFORMATION

• Processed data that make a meaningful context

• For example, The age of umer is 21
• Islamabad is the capital of pakistan
 INFORMATION

Information reveals meaning of data

Good, timely, relevant information key to decision making
Good decision making key to organizational survival
 DATABASE

• Collection of related data

• Unrelated data cannot referred to database
• Database is shared, integrated computer structure that stores a collection of data
• The data in “online banking system” database has to be related with that particular bank
• The data in “Library management system” database has to be related with that particular library
 META DATA

• It is nothing but the database definition

• It is complete description of database
• (data about data, it contains data characteristics and relationships)
• It includes storage format, datatype of data that we are going to store in database
and constraints on data
 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

• It is a system to mange the database

• It is system/software/collection of programs that enables/allows user to create
and maintain database
• Storing of data, retrieval of data from database is done through DBMS
• CRUD (Create , Read, Update, Delete)
 FUNCTIONALITIES OF DBMS

• Define Database
• Construct Database
• Manipulate Database
• Share Database
• Protection of Database
 DEFINE DATABASE

• It involves specifying the data type, structure and constraints for the data to be
stored
• Constraints are the limit on data
• For example age > 18
• CGPA >=0 and <= 4
• Marks >=0 and <=100
 CONSTRUCT DATABASE

• Process of storing data on some storage medium

• Server, hard disk
 MANIPULATE DATABASE

• Querying the database to retrieve specific data, updating database and generating
reports
 SHARE DATABASE

• Allows multiple users and programs to access the database concurrently/

simultaneously
• Many users can access or share same database at the same time in an efficient
manner
 PROTECTION OF DATABASE

• Protection from unauthorized access

• From hardware and software failure
 FUNCTIONALITIES OF DBMS

• To understand the database and functionalities of DBMS, we will be taking an

example of university database
• A database that stores student and course information
FUNCTIONALITIES OF DBMS

Grade received by each

student in a particular
course
 FUNCTIONALITIES OF DBMS

• Define Database: specifying the data elements in each table

• Data elements: Name, Roll-No, Class, Major etc
• Tables: Student, Course, Grade-Report
• Data Type: Name -> String (char)
Roll-No -> Integer
Constraint: Student name cannot be Null
 FUNCTIONALITIES OF DBMS

• Construct database: storing data

• Manipulate database: Querying and updating the database
• Query: listing all the students enrolled in CS department in that university
• Listing the grades received by a particular student in each course
• Sharing Database: this database can be shared
DATABASE SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT
 DATABASE SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT

• User writes queries/programs

• Queries are processed by DBMS Software
• DBMS access data
 DATABASE SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT

• A database environment is a collective system of components that comprise and

regulates the group of data, management, and use of data, which consist of
software, hardware, people, techniques of handling database, and the data also.
THANKS