TORSION

ES7 – Mechanics
of Deformable
Bodies
• In many engineering applications, members are
required to carry torsional loads.
• Consider the torsion of circular shafts. Because a
circular cross section is an efficient shape for resisting
torsional loads.
• Circular shafts are commonly used to transmit power
in rotating machinery
Objectives
In this module, you will:
• Be introduced to the concept of torsion in structural members and
machine parts
• Define shearing stresses and strains in a circular shaft subject to torsion
and the angle of twist in terms of the applied torque, geometry of the
shaft, and material
• Use torsional deformations to solve indeterminate problems
• Design shafts for power transmission
• Analyze torsion for noncircular members
A hollow cylindrical steel shaft is 1.5 m long and has inner and outer diameters
respectively equal to 40 and 60 mm.
(a) What is the largest torque that can be applied to the shaft if the shearing stress
is not to exceed 120 MPa?
(b) (b) What is the corresponding minimum value of the shearing stress in the
shaft?
The solid shaft of radius c is subjected to
a torque T. Determine the fraction of T
that is resisted by the material contained
within the outer region of the shaft,
which has an inner radius of c/2 and
outer radius c.
The shaft shown is supported by two bearings and is subjected to three torques.
Determine the shear stress developed at points A and B, located at section a–a of
the shaft.
A solid steel shaft AB , shown, is to be used to transmit 5 hp from the
motor M to which it is attached. If the shaft rotates at v = 175 rpm
and the steel has an allowable shear stress of tallow = 14.5 ksi,
determine the required diameter of the shaft to the nearest in.
Shaft BC is hollow with inner and outer diameters of 90 mm and 120
mm, respectively. Shafts AB and CD are solid and of diameter d. For the
loading shown, determine (a) the maximum and minimum shearing
stress in shaft BC, (b) the required diameter d of shafts AB and CD if the
allowable shearing stress in these shafts is 65 MPa
A steel marine propeller shaft 14 in. in diameter and
18 ft long is used to transmit 5000 hp at 189 rpm. If G
= 12 × 106 psi, determine the maximum shearing
stress.
A solid steel shaft 5 m long is stressed at 80 MPa when
twisted through 4°. Using G = 83 GPa, compute the shaft
diameter. What power can be transmitted by the shaft at 20
Hz?
A steel propeller shaft is to transmit 4.5 MW at 3 Hz without
exceeding a shearing stress of 50 MPa or twisting through more
than 1° in a length of 26 times its diameters. Compute the
proper diameter if G = 83 GPa.
The gears attached to the fixed-end steel shaft are subjected to the torques shown.
If the shear modulus of elasticity is 80 GPa and the shaft has a diameter of 14 mm,
determine the displacement of the tooth P on gear A . The shaft turns freely within
the bearing at B .
Two solid steel shafts are connected by the gears shown. Knowing that
for each shaft G=11.2 X 106 psi and the allowable shearing stress is 8 ksi,
determine (a) the largest torque T0 that may be applied to end A of shaft
AB and (b) the corresponding angle through which end A of shaft AB
rotates
The two solid steel shafts shown are coupled together using the meshed
gears. Determine the angle of twist of end A of shaft AB when the torque
T = 45 N-m is applied. Take G = 80 GPa. Shaft AB is free to rotate within
bearings E and F , whereas shaft DC is fixed at D . Each shaft has a
diameter of 20 mm. Ignore lateral flexing of the shafts.