SYNTACTICS

IN SYNTACTICS…

Syntax deals with the patterns of word

arrangement and formulates roles for correct
sentence building.
IN SYNTACTICS…

Sometimes a need arises to intensify the utterance

and the normative structures are replaced by what is
traditionally called rhetorical figures, figures of
speech or syntactical stylistic devices.
IN SYNTACTICS…
Syntactical expressiveness is based on deliberate
deviation from the accepted norm. But as the concept
of norm in English syntax is rather loose, stylistic
syntactical patterns can be regarded as variants of
standard models beyond which they can't extend.
 OVERVIEW
01 02 03
Position Absence Repetition

04 05 06
Arrangement Connection Transposition
 POSITION
Syntactical SD based on the position of words in the sentence

 Stylistic Inversion

 Detachment
 Stylistic Inversion

Subject – Predicate - Object

 Stylistic Inversion

The cat chased the mouse.

 Stylistic Inversion

The cat chased the mouse.

 Stylistic Inversion

Chased by the cat, the

mouse fled.
 Detachment

She’s deeply in love with

you.
 Detachment

She’s in love with you.

Deeply.
 Detachment

I know (if only I could forget it) that

you liked her.
 Elliptical Construction

Elliptical construction involves the omission of words

that are implied or understood from the context, creating
a concise and efficient sentence structure.
 Nominative Sentence

A nominative sentence features a subject in the

nominative case, where the subject performs the action
expressed by the verb.
 Apokoinu

A blend of the main and the subordinate clauses so that

predicative or the object of the first one is
simultaneously used as the subject of the second one.
 Aposiopesis

Aposiopesis is the deliberate interruption or sudden

breaking off of speech, often due to strong emotion or
hesitation.
[1] ANAPHORA

“It was the best of times,

it was the worst of times,
it was the age of wisdom,
it was the age of foolishness,
it was the epoch of belief,
[1] ANAPHORA

it was the epoch of incredulity,

it was the season of Light,
it was the season of Darkness,
it was the spring of hope,
it was the winter of despair.”
[2] ANAPHORA

"I have a dream that one day this nation will

rise up and live out the true meaning of its
creed: 'We hold these truths to be self-
evident, that all men are created equal.'
[2] ANAPHORA

I have a dream that one day on the red hills

of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the
sons of former slave owners will be able to
sit down together at the table of brotherhood.
[2] ANAPHORA

I have a dream that one day even the state of

Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat
of injustice, sweltering with the heat of
oppression, will be transformed into an oasis
of freedom and justice."
[3] EPIPHORA

"Take whatever idiot they have at the top of

whatever agency and give me a better idiot.
Give me a caring idiot. Give me a sensitive
idiot. Just don’t give me the same idiot.”
[4] EPIPHORA

“Fie, fie, thou shamest thy shape, thy love,

thy wit,
Which, like a userer, abound’st in all,
And uses none in that true sense indeed
Which should bedeck thy shape, thy love, thy
wit.”
[5] EPIPHORA

“Then, since this earth affords no joy to me

But to command, to check, to o’er bear such
As are of better person than myself,
I’ll make my heaven to dream upon the
crown;
[5] EPIPHORA

And, whiles I live, to account this world but

hell,
Until my mis-shap’d trunk that bears this
head
Be round impaled with a glorious crown.
[5] EPIPHORA

And yet I know not how to get the crown,

For many lives stand between me and home.”
[6] SYMPLOCE

"Over the last year, the world has seen what we always
knew: that no people on Earth are so fearless or daring
or determined as Americans. If there is a mountain, we
climb it. If there's a frontier, we cross it. If there’s a
challenge, we tame it. If there’s an opportunity, we
seize it."
[7] SYMPLOCE

"Today, we stand tall to tell the world that in Southeast

Asia there is so much diversity. But we do not fear.
And why? Because we love God. We love our
community. We love our Southeast Asian brothers and
sisters. And through that love, we pray as one, we build
as one, we work as one, and we win as one."
[8] SYMPLOCE

"While we have faced challenges before, this one

[COVID-19] is different. This time we join with all
nations across the globe in a common endeavor, using
the great advances of science and our instinctive
compassion to heal.
[8] SYMPLOCE

We will succeed, and that success will belong to every

one of us. We should take comfort that while we may
have more still to endure, better days will return: we
will be with our friends again; we will be with our
families again; we will meet again."
[8] ANADIPLOSIS

We will succeed, and that success will belong to every

one of us. We should take comfort that while we may
have more still to endure, better days will return: we
will be with our friends again; we will be with our
families again; we will meet again."
[9] ANADIPLOSIS

Lover ng clover, may clover finger!

Finger and clover, may love affair.
Ano man ang status mo sa buhay, single or "it's
complicated" lover ng clover!
Lahat sisimutin sarap ay uubusin lover ng clover, may
clover finger!
[9] ANADIPLOSIS
But I've got a blank space, baby.
And I'll write your name.
Boys only want love if it's torture.
Don't say I didn't, say I didn't warn ya.
Boys only want love if it's torture.
Don't say I didn't say, I didn't warn ya.
So it's gonna be forever.
Or it's gonna go down in flames.
You can tell me when it's over, mm
[9] ANADIPLOSIS

“Fear is the path to the Dark Side. Fear leads to anger.

Anger leads to hate. Hate leads to suffering.”
 Parallelism

means using the same sentence

structure in multiple sentences or clauses.
 Chiasmus

is when phrases are balanced by flipping their

structures.
 Synonymic repetition

means repeating the same

idea without using the same words.
 Syntactical tautology

it involves using a second subject, known as a

tautological subject, in a sentence.
 Suspense

arranging words to create tension, making readers

eager to know what happens next.
 Asyndeton

skipping conjunctions for a fast, intense

rhythm.
 Polysyndeton

using many conjunctions for emphasis or to

connect ideas.
 Rhetorical Questions

asking questions without expecting answers

to make a point or engage readers
 Theme:

If your presence creates

history, your absence will
continue legacy.