UNIT IV

Prepared By
R.Yogeshwari
A.P/ECE
 Network Management Protocols
SNMP-Simple Network Management
Protocol
• Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an internet
standard protocol used to monitor and manage network devices
connected over an IP.
• SNMP is used for communication between routers, switches,
firewalls, load balancers, servers, CCTV cameras, and wireless
devices
• NMP collects, organizes, and sends data from various devices for
network monitoring assisting with fault identification and
isolation. Both the monitored endpoints and the monitoring
system rely on SNMP for seamless communication.
Cont…
• Simple Network Management Protocol is an application layer
protocol
• SNMP protocol is used to exchange management information between
network devices.
• It is one of the most widely used protocols for network management.
• SNMP is part of Internet Engineering Task Force's Transmission
Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite.
How SNMP works?
What are the components of Simple Network Management
Protocol (SNMP)?

• SNMP components consist of an SNMP manager, managed devices

with an SNMP agent, and SNMP MIBs that contain SNMP OIDs.
• SNMP manager
• The SNMP manager is the central system used to monitor the
SNMP network.Also known as a network management station
(NMS), an SNMP manager is responsible for communicating with the
network devices that have an SNMP agent implemented. It runs on a
host within the network. The SNMP manager queries the agents, gets
responses, sets variables, and acknowledges events from the agents.
Cont….
• Managed devices
• A managed device is an SNMP-enabled network entity that is managed
by the SNMP manager. These are usually routers, switches, printers, or
wireless devices.
• SNMP agent
• An SNMP agent is a software process that plays a crucial role in
network management. It responds to SNMP queries from SNMP managers
to provide the status and statistics of a network node.
• The SNMP agent is located locally in the network device, from which the
agent collects, stores, and transmits monitoring data to the SNMP manager.
 SNMP MIB

• An MIB forms an integral part of network management models. An SNMP MIB is a

structure that defines the format of information exchange in an SNMP system.
• Every SNMP agent maintains an information database describing the parameters of the
device it manages.
• An SNMP manager is a software system that uses SNMP to collect data for fault
management, performance management, and capacity planning.
• An SNMP manager stores collected data in an MIB as a commonly shared database
between the agent and the manager.
• MIBs are saved as text files in a specific format that MIB editors, SNMP agent
builders, network management tools, and network simulation tools can understand,
facilitating network building, testing, deployment, and operations.
• The managed objects in an MIB file are called object identifiers (object IDs or OIDs).
 SNMP OIDs

• OIDs are identifiable by strings of numbers separated by dots. There are two
types of managed objects:
• Scalar objects are defined by a single object instance (i.e., there can only be one
result).
• Tabular object
• ts are defined by multiple related object instances that are grouped in MIB tables
• MIBs organize OIDs hierarchically, represented by a tree structure with individual
variable identifiers for each OID.
• This tree structure contains all the manageable features of all the products arranged
in it. Each branch of this tree has a number and a name, and each point is named
after the complete path—from the top of the tree down—that leads to that point.
MIB Tree Diagram
Cont…
• To provide an example from the diagram above, the OID of sysDescr
is .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1, which can be found by following the path of green
points from ROOT to sysDescr:
 SNMP Versions

• SNMPv1
• SNMPv2c
• SNMPv3
 SNMP Commands

• SNMP commands help retrieve, manage, modify, and parse the data. These commands make network management easier.
• Basic SNMP Commands
• GET
• The SNMP manager issues a request to the managed device. The GET command retrieves one or more values from the managed
device.
• GET NEXT
• GET NEXT, like GET, retrieves the value of the next OID in the MIB tree.
• GET BULK
• This command retrieves bulk data from a large MIB table.
• SET
• Managers use the SET command to modify or assign the value on the managed device.
• GET/GET NEXT/GET BULK/SET
SNMP Commands
 TRAPS

• Unlike the previous commands, which the SNMP manager initiates,

SNMP agents initiate the TRAPS command. TRAPS is a signal sent
to the manager by the agent when events occur.
 INFORM

Similar to TRAPS, the agent initiates this command. However, unlike TRAPS, INFORM includes
a confirmation from the manager once it receives the message.
 RESPONSE

• This command is used to carry back the value or signal of actions

directed by the manager.