CAN, LIN & Flex

Ray Protocols in
Automotive
Vehicles
ARYAN SINGH
 Before CAN CAN Network
Protocol

After CAN
Protocol

CAN Frame Structure

Controlled Area Network Protocol (CAN)

• • Benefits of CAN Protocol – Fast, Reliable, Efficient and
The CAN protocol is a standard designed to allow the microcontroller and
widely adopted in the automotive Industry.
other devices to communicate with each other without any host computer.
• Applications of CAN Protocol:
• The CAN is a message-based protocol, which means that message carries 1. Automotive (in passenger vehicles, Trucks, Buses)
the message identifier, and based on the identifier, priority is decided. 2. Electronic Equipment for aviation and navigation
3. Industrial Automation and Mechanical control
 LIN
Network
LIN
Topology
Local Interconnect Network Protocol (LIN)
• LIN protocol is a serial wired communication protocol for
electronic devices which consist of one master and one or more
slaves, but it does support multiples slaves.
• LIN is implemented to be a one wire interface.
LIN Frame Structure
Applications of LIN Protocol:
1. Roof: LIN system is used at vehicle roof for controlling their sensors
such as sun roof sensor and light control sensor.
2. Seat: It is used at vehicle seat where the position of seat is controlled
through a motor and this motor is controlled through LIN system.
3. Door: It is used at vehicle door for controlling the position of motor
which is installed with door mirror. It is also used for controlling
central ECU, window lift, seat control switch and door lock etc.
4. Engine and Illuminations: It is also used for controlling engine
sensor such as cooling fan motor sensor and illumination senor which
controls the illumination of light.
• The LIN Protocol can be used to communicate with non-critical
sub-systems such as: door-lock driver and window motors.
• LIN Protocol is designed for low cost and multi-nodes automotive
networks.
Comparison between CAN, LIN, Flex Ray Flex Ray
Protocols Protocol

• Flex Ray uses unshielded twisted pair cabling to connect

nodes together.
• Flex Ray supports single- and dual-channel configurations
which consist of one or two pairs of wires respectively.
• Differential signaling on each pair of wires reduces the effects
of external noise on the network without expensive shielding.
• Most Flex Ray nodes typically also have power and ground
Application of Flex Ray Protocol: wires available to power transceivers and microprocessors.
• The inclusion of Flex Ray protocol, at least for now, is limited to the
Flex Ray
applications that require deterministic and fault-tolerant
communication of data. Topologies:
• In ADAS and X-by-wire systems where timely and fast delivery of
data from a multitude of sensors is paramount, Flex Ray comes across
as the most reliable protocol. Multi-drop Bus Topology Star Network Hybrid Topology

Flex Ray Protocol

• The Flex Ray protocol is a unique time-triggered protocol that provides options for • Flex Ray standard has emerged as the in-vehicle
deterministic data that arrives in a predictable time frame (down to the microsecond) as communications bus to meet these new
well as CAN-like dynamic event-driven data to handle a large variety of frames. challenges in the next generation of vehicles.
• Flex Ray delivers the error tolerance and time-determinism performance requirements • Benefits of Flex Ray Protocol – Very fast speeds,
for x-by-wire applications (i.e. drive-by-wire, steer-by-wire, brake-by-wire, etc.). Reliable, High Performance, and fault tolerant.