Health Informatics

Computer Network
Name: Glaneisia Mitchell
Lecturer: Joseph Oladimeji
 Objectives
The following will be discussed in this presentation:
 Personal Area Network (PAN)
 Local Area Network (LAN)
 Wide Area Network (WAN)
 Wireless Local Area Network (WEAN)
 Campus Area Network (CAN)
 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
 Storage Area Network (SAN)
 System Area Network (SAN)
 Personal Area Network (PAN)
A personal area network is a computer network used to communicate
between computing devices close to the individual's body and personal
digital support.
 Types of Personal Area Network

There are two (2) types of Personal Area Network:

Wireless Personal Area Network – theses are wireless connections that can
be connected within the range of 10 meters.

Wired Personal Area Network – physical cables such as USB or firewire

can be seen when using wired personal are network.
 • Bluetooth
• Fire-wire
• ZigBee
• Ultrawideband
Examples of • Wibree

Wireless • wireless USB

• Wireless keyboards
Personal • Wireless Mice
Area • Smartphones
Network • TV remotes
• Wireless printers
• Gaming consoles
 Examples of Wired Personal Area Network and
personal area network
Example of Wired Personal Area Network
Data cables

Examples of Personal Area Network

• Body area network-
• Small home office
• Offline network
 Local Area Network
(LAN)
Connects relatively small number of computers in a limited
geographical area
 • Ethernet- This is a network protocol that controls how
data is sent over a local area network. This type of
LAN allows users to transfer data at speeds in excess of
10 megabits per second. First, the system checks the
media used to send the data. If media is available, only
data transfer will occur. Used in wired local area
networks. If one or more machines on your network
Types of communicate with each other, you will see the main
cable that connects all the devices used to send the
local area data. When a mainline called a bearer is available and
idle, that is, when no other device on the network is
network sending data, the sending device begins sending data
packets on the network. Whenever a packet is sent,
the sender must wait if there is already a data packet in
the queue. Then all devices on the network inspect this
packet to see if they are the recipients of this packet.
Then the actual recipient receives the package.
 Types of local area network cont’d
• Token Ring –This is a type of local area network where all devices are
connected in a ring arrangement. All devices are connected in a circle and
receive tokens according to your requirements. The token will continue to
rotate within the circular ring. Tokens are used to avoid data conflicts. It is 3
bytes in size and moves further within the ring of the server or workstation.
The details of the three 1-byte fields in the free token frame are as follows:
Start Delimiter (SD): Notifies the start of a token frame. Access Control
(AC): Includes priority fields, reserved fields, token bits, and control bits.
Ending Delimiter (ED): Indicates the end of the token frame.
 Types of local area network cont’d
• Token bus- this is also a type of local area network developed by IBM.
The Token Bus standard uses coaxial cables to connect multiple devices to
the main large computer or workstation. Coaxial cable acts as a common
communication bus. his is also a type of local area network developed by
IBM. The Token Bus standard uses coaxial cables to connect multiple
devices to the main large computer or workstation. Coaxial cable acts as a
common communication bus.
 Types of local area network cont’d

• Fiber Distributer Data Interference- Fiber Distributed Data Interface,

also known as the acronym FDDI, is a fiber optic-based network
technology. FDDI networks are typically organized in a ring, star, or tree
network topology and can span miles or kilometers. FDDI is commonly
used in university campus networks because of its relatively high speed
and long range. For the same reason, it is also used in the backbone of
some metropolitan areas.
Wide area large systems with multiple servers and span
large geography area
network
Examples of wide area network

INTERNET MOBILE BROADBAND PRIVATE NETWORK EG

EG FLOW AND DIGICEL BANK
Switched Wide
Area Network Types of wide
Point –to-point area network
Wide Area
Network
 Advantages of wide area network

AREA CENTRALIZED UPDATED MESSAGE

COVERAGE DATA FILES EXCHANGE
 Security Installation
cost
Disadvantages of
wide area network

Disconnection Maintenance
problem issues
 Wireless local area
network
This is a wireless network that allows devices to
communicate wirelessly.
 Examples of wireless local area network

• Wi-Fi
 Advantages of wireless local area
network

The main advantage of using a wireless network is that you don't need a cable to connect
your devices. The connection is very easy.

Wireless connectivity helps businesses and homes create local area networks without using
Ethernet and cables throughout the building.
You can also connect small electronic devices such as smartphones and tablets to the
network. There are no restrictions on wireless networks. Supports hundreds and thousands
of devices.
 Disadvantages of wireless local area
network
From a security perspective, wireless networks are less secure than wired networks. Since any device
can connect to WiFi, it's important to limit connections to each network.

To limit the sharing of data to other networks, use wireless identifiers such as WEP and WPA that
encrypt the transmission.

In addition, wireless is susceptible to interference from other physical barriers such as hard walls.

Government networks and many businesses use LANs to provide superior performance and security.
 Campus area network (CAN)
Campus Area Network (CAN) is a computer network that spans a limited
geographic area. CAN connects to multiple local area networks (LANs)
within an educational or corporate campus. Most CANs are connected to the
public internet.
 Advantages of campus area network
• Higher speed
• Wireless medium
• Easy accessibility of data
• Affordability
 Disadvantage of campus area network
• Maintenance is costly
• It can support up to 40meter length
 Examples of campus area network
• University campus eg University of the West Indies
• School campus eg libraries
• Industrial sites
 Metropolitan area network
A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a
computer network that interconnects users with
computer resources in a geographic region of the
size of a metropolitan area.
 Types of metropolitan area network
 Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
  Fiber Distribution Data Interface (FDDI)
 Switched multi-megabit data service (SMDS)
Examples of metropolitan area network

Television
cables
 Advantages of metropolitan area network

IT HAS HIGH SPEED IT PROVIDES HIGH IT COVERS A LARGE IT PROVIDES IT ENABLES YOU TO IT UTILIZES THE
THAN WAN SECURITY. AREA THAN LAN CENTRALIZED DATA CONNECT MANY DISADVANTAGES OF
STORAGE. FAST LANS BOTH LAN AND WAN
TOGETHER. TO PROVIDE AN
EFFICIENT
NETWORK.
 Disadvantages of metropolitan area
network
For its installation we need
skilled or experts and also
It is difficult to make a
required a network
It is difficult to manage It requires larger cable than system secure or safe from
administrator. They all
when we have large network. LAN. hackers and unauthorized
increase the overall
users.
installation and management
costs.

The main disadvantage of

MANs is the cost of cutting- Technical staff required.
edge technology employed.
 Storage area network
Storage area network (SAN) is a dedicated
network that provides block-level access to data
storage and operations only. A SAN typically
interconnects its own network of storage
devices / elements and disk arrays and is
connected to a remote network for data sharing.
 Components of san
• Fiber channel switch
• Host bust adaptor
• Storage devices
• Cabling and cable connectors
 Types of storage area network
• Internet small computer interface
• Fibre channel
• Fibre channel over ethernet
• Non-volatile memory express over fabric
 Advantages of storage area network
• Effective storage usage
• Disaster recovery for mission critical data
• No more bandwidth bottlenecks
 Disadvantages of storage area network
• Not suitable for small scale deployment
• Expensive and long-term return on investment
• Trained and dedicated IT staff
 system area network
A system area network (SAN) is a high-performance network that can
connect a cluster of computers. SANs provide high bandwidth (1 Gbps and
above) with low latency. SANs are typically switched by a hub that supports
eight or more nodes.
 Difference between storage area and system
area network
A storage area network is a type of network that provides integrated block-
level data storage. It is primarily used to create storage devices such as disk
arrays, optical jukeboxes, and tape libraries. The system area network is
used for the local area network.