PC NETWORKIING

AND
ADMINISTRATION

Engr. Jenny V. Ephan

BASIC NETWORKING
CONCEPTS
 WHAT IS NETWORK/ COMPUTER
NETWORK ?

• is a collection of hardware and software that permit a

group of computers to communicate with each other and
share resources.
• is set of devices connected by communication links.
• a node can be computer, printer or any other devices which
is capable of sending and receiving information at each
other.
  The generic term node or host refers to
any device on a network.
 Data transfer rate - The speed with which data is
moved from one place on a network to another.
- is a key issue in computer
networks .
 Computer networks have opened up an entire frontier in the world of
computing called the client/server model.
 File server A computer that  Web server A computer dedicated
stores and manages files for to responding to requests (from the
multiple users on a network. browser client) for web pages.
 INTERNET - a network of networks or
connection between two or more networks.
each host has an address of the form n/h where
n is the network number and h is the number of
the host on network n.
 Uses of Network
• It is Used for

i) Business Application
ii) Home Application
iii) Mobile Users
iv)E-Mail

 Internet backbone A set of high-
speed networks that carry Internet
traffic.
These networks are provided by
companies such as AT&T, GTE, and IBM.
Internet Connections
 Internet service provider (ISP) A
company that provides other companies
or individuals with access to the Internet.
(PLDT, GLOBE, CONVERGE, ZAIN and
etc.)
 There are various technologies available
that you can use to connect a home
computer to the Internet

– A phone modem converts computer data into an analog audio signal for
transfer over a telephone line, and then a modem at the destination
converts it back again into data
– A digital subscriber line (DSL) uses regular copper phone lines to transfer
digital data to and from the phone company’s central office
– A cable modem uses the same line that your cable TV signals come in on
to transfer the data back and forth
• Broadband A connection in which transfer speeds are faster than
128 bits per second
– DSL connections and cable modems are broadband connections
– The speed for downloads (getting data from the Internet to your
home computer) may not be the same as uploads (sending data
from your home computer to the Internet)
 There are several methods of
managing a network, including:

1. Cloud-based network management

This method of storing information and connecting devices makes use of cloud
computing. It's typically available to companies, governments and the general
public through the internet.
2. Converged network management
This strategy connects multiple devices via the same access switch. It's a
traditional method of connecting various wired and wireless devices.
3. Centralized network management
This strategy is the most common way to implement a new network. It involves
connecting devices to a server in a central location.
 12 Types of
Computer Networks
 1. Local area network (LAN)

A local area network, or LAN, is the most

common network type. It allows users to connect
within a short distance in a common area. Advantages :
1) Sharing of Files.
2) Sharing of Programs.
3) Communication Exchange.

Disadvantages :
4) Reliability.
5) Capacity.
6) High Cost.
 2. Personal area network (PAN)

A personal area network, or PAN, is a small-

scale network that revolves around one person
or device. A PAN connects just a few devices in
a small localized area.
 3. Wireless local area
network (WLAN)
A wireless local area network, or WLAN,
operates similarly to a LAN because it
transmits data within a small area. It's rarely
necessary to have a wired connection for
devices that use a WLAN.
 4. Campus area network (CAN)

A campus area network, or CAN, is a network Advantages:

used in educational environments such as
1. Economical
universities or school districts. While each
2. Sharing of data is easy
department in a school might use its own LAN, 3. Transferring files is fast
all the school's LANs could connect through a 4. Use a wireless connection
CAN. 5. One ISP across all departments
Disadvantages:
1. Limitation for connecting nodes
2. Maintenance is expensive
 5. Metropolitan area network (MAN)

A metropolitan area network, or a MAN, is a medium- Advantages

sized network that's larger than a CAN. While a MAN is
Less expensive
a costly network, it provides efficient connectivity Sending local emails
between devices across a wide geographical range. High speed than WAN
For example, a city government might operate with a Sharing of the internet
MAN if it has offices across the entire metropolitan Conversion from LAN to MAN is
area. easy
High Security
Disadvantages
Difficult to manage
Internet speed difference
Hackers attack
Technical people required to set up
More wires required
 6. Wide area network (WAN)

A wide area network, or a WAN, is an extensive network Advantages

that's not confined to geographical space. Corporations Covers large geographical area
and international companies may use WANs to provide a Centralized data
common network with far-reaching connectivity. Get updated files and data
A lot of application to exchange messages
Sharing of software and resources:
Global business:
High bandwidth
Distribute workload and decrease travel charges

Disadvantages
Security problems
Needs firewall and antivirus software
The setup cost is high
Troubleshooting problems
Server down and disconnection issue
 7. Storage area network (SAN)

A storage area network, or a SAN, is a network that teams

Advantages
use to store mass amounts of sensitive data. It provides a High speed of data transfer
way to centralize data on a non-localized network that Centralized backup
differs from the main operating one. Dynamic failover protection
Adding/removing of storage devices is easy
Data security

Disadvantages
Not good for high traffic
Sensitive data may be leaked
 8. Passive optical local area
network (POLAN)
A passive optical local area network, or a POLAN, is a low-
cost network that can link various locations to one central Advantages Disadvantages
network. POLANs have the power to connect multiple
entities to one hub of information. High speed Individual bandwidth
Longer Distance Splitter issue
Many connections Failure detection
Less Energy Evolve issue
Lost cost The issue at the enterprise
Fewer cables needed level
Learning curve Expensive components
Ideal for large organizations Installation issues
High downstream and upstream Transfer issue
High security
Supports telephone
 9. Enterprise private network (EPN)
An enterprise private network, or an EPN, is an
exclusive network that businesses build and The advantages of EPN are-
operate to share company resources at high •Safe and secure network
speeds. EPNs are typically unique to a specific •Helps in centralizing the IT resources
company, which ensures the connection is •Cost-effective for big companies
secure.

Disadvantages of EPN are-

•High services fees
•Coverage limitation
•Difficult to set up
 10. Virtual private network (VPN)

A virtual private network, or VPN, is a private network that's

available through the internet. This type of network functions
similarly to an EPN because it provides a secure, private The advantages of VPN are-
connection. VPNs typically don't require the same •Helps in creating a virtual IP address
infrastructure as EPNs •Bypasses Geo-Restrictions
•Increases Online Privacy

Disadvantages of VPN are-

•Dropped Connections
•Data logging
•Slow connection speeds
 11. System-area network (SAN)

A system area network, or a SAN, is a broad local network

that provides connections in clusters. The various devices The advantages of SAN are-
connected to a SAN operate as a single system. SANs •Can handle large volumes of data
are newly developing networks that operate at high •Ideal for high-level network performance
speeds. •Has high bandwidth

Disadvantages of SAN are-

•Hard to handle as the network is vast and complex.
•Complex in nature
•High initial cost
 12. Home Area Network (HAN)

HAN is used to share various computers or peripheral

devices used in the same home. There is one device that
acts as a centralized device for the function of Network The advantages of HAN are-
Address Translation(NAT). •Resource Sharing
•Security
•MultiUser

Disadvantages of HAN are-

•Slow Connectivity
•Expensive
•High Security
Key components of the
ship’s IT network
 Satellite

- communication relay,
weather forecasting,
navigation,
broadcasting, scientific
research, and
Earth observation.
 VSAT
( very small aperture terminal)

- is a small-sized earth station

used in the transmit/receive of
data, voice and video signals over
a satellite communication
network, excluding broadcast
television.
 MODEM

- modulator-demodulator or
a computer hardware device
that converts data from a
digital format into a format
suitable for an analog
transmission medium such
as telephone or radio.
 ROUTERS

- receives and sends

data on computer
networks.
 SWITCH

- networking hardware that

connects devices on a
computer network by using
packet switching to receive
and forward data to the
destination device.
 Server

- a computer or system that

provides resources, data,
services, or
programs to other
computers, known as
clients, over a network.
 Clients (users)

The units that allow you to

access and use the
network are known as
clients. These include
laptops, computers, cell
phones.
 Cables/wires
Data passes through the network
via cables, also referred to as wires.
Common examples are coaxial
cables and fiberoptic cables.
 CCTV/Cameras

- closed-circuit television
camera can produce
images or recordings for
surveillance or other
private purposes.
Network diagram on ships
1. What is data communication?
2. Illustrate the components of data
communication.
3. Illustrate an example of network
diagram.
4. Describe the key components of
Ship’s IT network.