REVIEW

EDUCATION AS AN INSTITUTION
 SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION
CONCEPTS, CHARACTERISTICS, AND FORMS
OBJECTIVES
a. Explain the meaning and nature of social stratification;
b. Distinguish social stratification and social
differentiation;
c. Identify the indicators of social stratification;
d. Differentiate the characteristics of the systems of social
stratification;
e. Analyze the claims and explanation of the structural
functionalists, conflict theorists, and symbolic-
interactionists on social stratification;
PICTURE ANALYSIS
 QUESTIONS
1. What did you observe
from the given photos?
2. How these project the
people in the society?
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
 This is used to describe the
systems of social standing;
(Ariola, 2012)
 INSTITUTIONALIZED
INEQUALITY
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

 It is the way people are ranked and

ordered in society (Cole, 2019)
 Inferiority and Superiority of people;
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
 Upper and Lower Classes;
 Unequal distribution of rights
and privileges, duties and
responsibilities;
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
 TYPES OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION

CLOSED STRATIFICATION
OPEN STRATIFICATION
CLOSED STRATIFICATION

PEOPLE CANNOT
CHANGE THEIR
RANK/STATUS;
OPEN STRATIFICATION
STATUS IS
CHANGEABLE/
ALTERABLE;
2 TYPES OF SOCIAL STATUS

1. ASCRIBED
2. ACHIEVED
ASCRIBED STATUS
 Status that are assigned or
given by the society or
group;
 FIXED CATEGORY
ACHIEVED STATUS
 Status that is earned through
talents, skills, occupation or
perseverance;
 INDICATORS OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION (Max Weber, n.d.)

1. POWER
2. PRESTIGE
3. WEALTH
 POWER
 REFERS TO THE ABILITY TO
INFLUENCE OTHER PEOPLE;
 CAN CONTROL AN EVENT
ACCORDING TO A WILL OF A
PERSON;
 PRESTIGE
 REFERS TO THE POSITION OF
AN INDIVIDUAL IN THE
SOCIETY;
 ENABLES SOMEONE TO HAVE
RESOURCES OR
OPPORTUNITIES;
 WEALTH
 REFERS TO THE AMOUNT OF
RESOURCES THAT A PERSON
HAS;
 WEALTH INDICATES POWER
AND POPULARITY;
 ASPECTS OF SOCIAL STRATA
(Ariola, 2012)
1. Sources of Income
2. Occupation
3. Education
4. Types of House Dwellings
5. Location of Residence
6. Kinship or Family
 SOURCES OF INCOME
 INHERITED, EARNED,
PROFITS, FEES,
SALARIES (fixed daily),
WAGES (per hour),
 Amount of money a person
receives;
 OCCUPATION
 This pertains to what
people do for living
determines the social
position of a person;
 Work/Job  income
 EDUCATION
 The higher the
educational
attainment, the more
opportunities that an
individual can achieve;
TYPES OF HOUSE DWELLINGS

Properties/Houses (permanent),
concrete, standard, substandard, etc.
Class status can also be based from
the dwellings;
 LOCATION OF RESIDENCE

 Social status can be defined

based on the residence of an
individual;
 Prestigious subdivisions or
mountainous or squatter
areas/rugged.
 KINSHIP OR FAMILY

• A sharing of characteristics or origins.

• A family refers to a group including parents and
children.
 DIFFERENTIATE:
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
VS.
SOCIAL
DIFFERENTIATION
 SOCIAL
DIFFERENTIATION
 SOCIAL
DIFFERENTIATION
 Refers to how people can be
distinguished from one another:
 Skin and hair color, race, mental
and physical ability, and the like.
 ACTIVITY
1. Differentiate the two ways of
acquiring a social status: Ascribed and
Achieved.
2. Differentiate Social Stratification and
Social Differentiation. What are their
commonalities?
 ACTIVITY
QUESTION:
What type of society would you
prefer? A stratified or differentiated?
Why?
 TYPES OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION AND
THEIR
CHARACTERISTICS
PICTURE ANALYSIS
 TYPES OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION

1. OPEN SYSTEMS
2. CLOSED SYSTEMS
3. ETHIC SYSTEM
 OPEN SYSTEMS
 This type of stratification
encourages people to strive and
achieve something;
 People have equal chance to
succeed;
 OPEN SYSTEMS
 People can move either up or
down to class through:
 Intermarriage, opportunities, or
achievement;
 OPEN SYSTEMS
 UPPER CLASS—wealthy/they
constitute the elite wealthy
groups;
 MIDDLE CLASS—high
income
 LOWER CLASS—poverty
CLOSED SYSTEMS
 This accommodates little change in
social position;
 People are not allowed to shift
levels and do not permit social
relationships between levels;
 TYPES OF CLOSED
SYSTEMS

1.CASTE SYSTEMS
2.ESTATE SYSTEMS
 CASTE SYSTEMS
 This stratification proposes
that people are to be born
and will die the same
status/caste.
CASTE SYSTEMS
 ESTATE SYSTEMS
 It is a systems that is based
on the social standing and
based on the ownership of
land;
 ESTATE SYSTEMS
 This may have
changes in status; it
depends on how a
person manages his
properties;
 MOBILITY
 ETHNIC SYSTEMS
 ETHNICITY SETS
SEGMETS OF SOCIETY
APART; EACH GROUP
HAS SENSE OF IDENTITY
 ETHNIC PEOPLE
INTERACT TO OTHERS
BUT WITH THE SAME
ETHNIC GROUPS;
 ACTIVITY

Instruction:
Differentiate Open
Stratification System and
Closed Stratification System
 ACTIVITY
OPEN SYSTEMS CLOSED SYSTEMS
 ACTIVITY
QUESTION:
Does inequality of prestige exist
in the Philippines? Explain.
 ACTIVITY
INSTRUCTION:
Differentiate the three social classes
under open system by completing the
graphic organizer below. Write your
answer in s separate sheet of paper.
 ACTIVITY
UPPER CLASS MIDDLE CLASS LOWER CLASS
MOBILITY
MOBILITY
 QUESTIONS

WHAT DID YOU

UNDERSTAND FROM
THE IMAGES?
 MOBILITY
 Refers to the movement
within the social structure
from one social position to
another;
 Change in social status;
 KINDS OF MOBILITY
1. SOCIAL MOBILITY
2. GEOGRAPHICAL
MOBILITY
3. ROLE MOBILITY
 SOCIAL MOBILITY

 Movement of the people (in

position); upward or
downward;
 SOCIAL MOBILITY

a. Vertical Mobility—change
in status;
b. Horizontal Mobility—
change in position;
GEOGRAPHICAL MOBILITY
 Sometimes called PHYSICAL
MOBILITY;
 Change in location, residence,
migration (forced or voluntary)
etc.
 ROLE MOBILITY

 Shifting from ROLE to ROLE;

 Changes in responsibilities;
 e.g. Teacher at school, mother
at home, follower in church.
 THEORETICAL
PERSPECTIVE AND
ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION
PERSPECTIVES IN UNDERSTANDING
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

1. Structural Functionalism
2. Conflict Perspective
3. Symbolic Interactionism
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES MAJOR ASSUMPTIONS/ANALYSIS

 Society has complex structure,

and each structure has integral
function to the whole;
 Social positions are filled by
1. Structural the people in order to the
make society work and
Functionalism function.
 Stratification in functionalism
is necessary to induce people
with skills, intelligence for the
benefit of the whole society.
 THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES MAJOR ASSUMPTIONS/ANALYSIS

 Conflict Perspective promotes

social structure and order;
 Therefore social inequality
occurs;
 Bourgeoise and Proletariat
2. Conflict Perspective  This is necessary to
stratification to better
understand the roots of each
conflict in the society which
are often based from the
social status/condition.
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES MAJOR
ASSUMPTIONS/ANALYSIS

It examines stratification

through interactions of
people;
3. Symbolic People interact with other
with the same social
Interactionism standing;
They share meanings and
experiences;
 ACTIVITY
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ASSUMPTIONS

1. Structural Functionalism

2. Conflict Theory

3. Symbolic Interactionism
 PERFORMANCE TASK 1

Look for a person (a local figure) who

you consider very successful today,
that he/she started as a poor person
until he/she succeeded in life. Write
his/her successful story on the sheet
provided.
 CRITERIA FOR GRADING
(OUTPUT)

A. Content---- 40 points
B. Grammar– 10 points
 CRITERIA FOR GRADING
(PRESENTATION)

A. Content--- 25 points
B. Context--- 25 points
C. Reflection– 50 points
 PERFORMANCE TASK 2

GROUP TASK:
FIND A SONG THAT CONVEYS
EQUALITY BY CONTEXT. THE
GROUPS WILL PRESENT THE
SONG IN THE CLASS.
 CRITERIA FOR GRADING
A. MESSAGE OF THE SONG–----------------------30 points
B. EMPHASIS-------------------------------------- 15 points
C. STAGE PRESENCE–---------------------------- 10 points
D. AUDIENCE IMPACT–-------------------------- 5points
E. SYNCHRONIZATION AND COORDINATION--- 10
points
F. VOCAL QUALITY/VOICE–----------------------30 points
TOTAL: 100 points