Nationalism and Political

Revolutions
 A Quick Recap
French Revolution had failed to keep republic
Metternich (Austrian prime minister) pushes
for conservatism
Congress of Vienna meets to balance European
power

Conservative monarchs put back in power

 Nationalism and Liberalism
 Revolutionary ideas spread
to other European nations
Remember the Differences:
 Countries affected:  Nationalism
 German states  National independence or
 Prussia unification main motivation
 Italy
 Liberalism
 Poland
 Desired reforms within the state
 Belgium
(not to break away)
 France
Liberal Revolts
 Sought more voting rights
More successful in
and better working
conditions France and Britain
 Argument for universal  After a 2nd revolution,

male suffrage (UMS) France parliament

elected by UMS
 Britain gives right to
vote to middle class
 Revolutions Recap
Revolutions of the 1830s Revolutions of 1848
France establishes a new Failed German
limited monarchy unification
Belgium gains Failed revolution
independence from attempts against Austria
Dutch Republic
Revolt in German States
German Confederation (38
German states)
Austria and Prussia biggest
Denmark and France also
control some territories
Did not gain
Frankfurt Assembly formed to
support from
draft new liberal constitution Frederick William
Wanted a unified German
IV of Prussia
state
Rise of Prussia
 Has become a powerful European state
by 1860s
 Known for its militarism (reliance on
military strength)

 Army attempts to increase size;

legislature refuses to provide funding
 New leader of Prussia: Wilhelm I
 Otto von Bismarck
 Prussian chancellor (advises the
king)
 Practiced “realpolitik”
 Politics based off of reality, not
ethics
 Unify German through any
means
 Raised powerful military
 Done without approval of
legislature
 Strongest Power
in Europe
Successfully defeats
Denmark and Austria
 Wanted Alsace-Lorraine
(owned by France)
Franco-Prussian War (1870-
William I becomes Kaiser
71)  “Caesar” of Second German
 France loses key providences
Empire
 Independence in Mexico September 16
Mexican Independence
 Spanish control weakening in Day
Latin America
 Revolt led by Miguel Hidalgo in
Mexico
 Revolution crushed and Hidalgo
executed
 Inspired other attempts
 Peninsulares and Creoles overthrew
Spanish rule
 Independence declared in 1821
 Monarchy--->Republic in 1823 Augustin de Iturbide
1822-1823
Nationalism in the U.S.
Conflicts over states North
rights and slavery lead to  Industrialized
conflict between North  Abolitionist (wanted
and South slavery to end)
Civil War (1861-1865)
South
 ~800,000 casualties
 Agrarian
 South failed to secure
 Feared laws that would
independence
end slavery