Some of the Great

Physicists
What is called physicist?
A physicist is a scientist
who studies and is trained
in physics.
Isaac Newton
His most significant work
had to do with forces, and
specifically with the
development of a universal
law of gravitation and his
laws of motion.
He invented calculus and
provided a clear
understanding of optics.
NEWTON’S FIRST LAW OF MOTION
“ An object at rest stays at rest and an object in
motion stays in motion with the same speed
and in the same direction unless acted upon
by an unbalanced force “.
 ACCELERATION
NEWTON’S SECOND It is the rate of change of the
velocity of an object with respect

LAW OF MOTION to time.

“ The larger the mass of the object, the

greater the force will need to be to cause
it to accelerate “.
MASS
It is a measure of the body's
inertia, the resistance to
acceleration when a net force
is applied.

FORCE
It is an influence that can
change the motion of an object.
NEWTON’S THIRD
LAW OF MOTION
“ Every action, there is an equal and
opposite reaction “.
Niels Bohr
• developed the
modern idea of an
atom, which has a
nucleus at the center
with electrons
revolving round it.

•
Galileo Galilei
On hearing of the
invention of the telescope
in 1609, he built his own
and turned it to the
heavens, revealing the
existence of sunspots and
a pitted, mountainous
surface on the moon: the
heavens were not
incorruptible.
Galileo Galilei
His studies also provided
support for the idea that the
Earth revolves round the sun.
This got Galileo into
considerable trouble with the
Catholic church and he was
forced to abandon that backing
in 1633.
Albert Einstein
Einstein is known for his theory
of general relativity (an
explanation of gravity), and the
photoelectric effect (which
explains the behavior of
electrons under certain
circumstances); his work on the
latter earned him a Nobel Prize
in Physics in 1921
James Clerk Maxwell
He is best known for
the formulation of the
theory of
electromagnetism and in
making the connection
between light and
electromagnetic waves.
Michael Faraday

is known as the father of the

electric motor, electric
generator, electric transformer,
and electrolysis. He wrote the
"Law of Induction" and is
known for the "Faraday Effect".
marie curie
Marie Curie is remembered for
her discovery of radium
and polonium, and her huge
contribution to finding
treatments for cancer.
 HUBBLE’S LAW
“ It is the observation in physical cosmology that galaxies are moving away from
Earth at speeds proportional to their distance. In other words, the farther they are,
the faster they are moving away from Earth “.

- the Hubble constant

COULOMB’S LAW
“ The force of attraction or repulsion between two
charged bodies is directly proportional to the
product of their charges and inversely proportional
to the square of the distance between them “.
D’ALEMBERT’S PRINCIPLE
“ For a system of mass of particles, the sum of
difference of the force acting on the system and
the time derivatives of the momenta is zero when
projected onto any virtual displacement. “
 ARCHIMEDES’ PRINCIPLE
“The upward buoyant force that is exerted on a body immersed in a fluid, whether
partially or fully submerged, is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces
and acts in the upward direction at the center of mass of the displaced fluid ”.

GRAVITATIONAL
FORCE

BUOYANT
FORCE
DOPPLER EFFECT
“ The Doppler effect or Doppler shift is the change in
frequency of a wave in relation to an observer who is
moving relative to the wave source “.
CASIMIR EFFECT CASIMIR PLATES

“ It is a small attractive force that acts

between two close parallel uncharged
conducting plates. The force arises due
to the quantum fluctuation of the
electromagnetic field “.

VACUUM FLUCTUATIONS
 DIRAC EQUATION
“ In particle physics, the Dirac equation is a relativistic wave equation derived by
British physicist Paul Dirac in 1928. In its free form, or including electromagnetic
interactions, it describes all spin-1⁄2 massive particles such as electrons and quarks for
which parity is a symmetry “.

Where S is the spin vector, q is the charge, m is the mass

 BOLTZMANN EQUATION
“ Boltzmann's Equation shows just what the distribution of the atoms will be among
the various energy levels as a function of energy and temperature “.

N=m∑i=1Ni
Energy Level 03 Energy Level 01

Energy Level 04 Energy Level 02

N M L K + 2 8 18 32
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Q. Which of the following is a semiconductor?

SILVER GLASS COPPER

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