SECOND ORDER

DIFFERENTIAL
EQUATION
Laplace Transform

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SECOND ORDER
general form

Homogenous Non-Homogenous

1. Undetermined coefficient method

2. Variation parameters method
3. Laplace transform
DEFINITION – LAPLACE
TRANSFORM
 Has been introduced by a French mathematician, Pierre Simon de Laplace (1749 – 1827 M).
 Neat method – change the initial value problem to the algebraic problems.

 The use of Laplace table simplifies the steps of solving in getting the particular solution.
 Let be a defined function . Integration

 Laplace transform is symbol as , with translated as the operator

EXAMPLE – LAPLACE
TRANSFORM
Find the laplace transform of each function.
 an
Ysinh (1Y ) )}
atat
cos
sin
{te(
ayfnat2n(t
cosh
sF
H
sY t(s
((s
(t as ast)at
f(t!stf((sa)at ).
1s(F a(a
,s))G )(a
da(s ),)
2at)n( sF
H
y3sy t))  a) y(st0)
)(,(a0(s
s02n1)1aa 2 tn0()0uf))(du
f f(t
t n(f(t u ) g ( t )e dt  F ( s )

s ds
L { f (t )}   f (t )e  st dt  F ( s )
0

f (t ) F (s ) f (t ) F (s )

TABLE OF a
a
s
H (t  a ) e  as
s

LAPLACE
n!
t n , n  1, 2, 3,  n 1
f (t  a) H (t  a) e  as F (s )
s
1
 (t  a )

TRANSFORM
e at e  as
sa
a
sin at 2 2
f (t ) (t  a ) e  as f (a)
s a
s t
cos at
s2  a2  0
f (u )g (t  u )du F ( s ).G ( s )

a
sinh at y (t ) Y (s )
s2  a2
s
cosh at y (t ) sY ( s )  y (0)
s2  a2

e at f (t ) F ( s  a) y (t ) s 2Y ( s )  sy (0)  y (0)

n n d n F (s)
t f (t ) , n  1, 2, 3,  (1)
ds n
GROUPWORK
Find the laplace transform of each function.

Techniques of Integration
1. Substitution
2. Tabular method
3. By parts
4. Using partial fraction