PHOTOGRAPHY IN TEACHING

By: PM Ts Dr Fazlinda binti Ab Halim

http://www.free-powerpoint-templates-design.com
 01 Introduction to Photography

contents 02 Role of Photography in Teaching and

Learning

03 Types of Cameras

04 Type of camera shots

05 basic camera settings

06 Camera Accessories

07 Basic Photography Guide

08 Image Editing
Introduction to
Photography
 Photography is the art of capturing light with a
camera, usually via a digital sensor or film, to
create an image. With the right camera equipment,
you can even photograph wavelengths of light
invisible to the human eye, including UV, infrared,
and radio.

• What Is Photography?

Color photography started to become popular and

accessible with the release of Eastman Kodak’s
“Kodachrome” film in the 1930s. Before that,
almost all photos were monochromatic – although
a handful of photographers, toeing the line
between chemists and alchemists, had been using
specialized techniques to capture color images for
decades before.
The camera obscura was used to study eclipses
without the risk of damaging the eyes by looking
directly into the sun. As a drawing aid, it allowed
tracing the projected image to produce a highly
accurate representation, and was especially
appreciated as an easy way to achieve proper
graphical perspective.
 photography’s most important names…

Louis
Dorothea
Daguerre
Lange

first Portrait
commercial photography
photographic
material
1826 Mid 1900 1960

1839 1930
Joseph Ansel
Nicéphore Alfred Adams
Niépce Stieglitz
Landscape
The first Portraiture photography
permanent and
photograph documentary
 “In photography, there is a
reality so subtle that it
becomes more real than
reality.” Alfred Stieglitz “There is
nothing worse
“The camera is an than a sharp
instrument that image of a
teaches people how
fuzzy
to see without a
camera.” Dorothea
concept.”
Lange Ansel Adam
Role of Photography
in Teaching and
Learning
 Role of Photography in
Teaching and Learning
1. Special aid for visual learners
2. Mempelbagaikan gaya /gesture utk menarik minat pelajar
3. Menarik perhatian pelajar
4. Meransang pemikiran pelajar
5. Meningkatkan motivasi pelajar
6. Stimulus kepada teaching and learning
7. Pengecaman warna
8. To be more creative

1. meningkatkan pengetahuan pelajar menerusi ABBM

2. Attract minat dan fokus belajar- set induksi
3. Dapat mengenali kebudayaan- costume, lancsape
4. Lahirkan sifat kreativiti
5. Improve in skills development
6. Memudahkan obj pembelajaran tercapai
7. Mencetus idea baharu
 What is the purpose of photography?

The purpose of photography can vary depending on what the

photographer is trying to achieve. For example, documentary
and news photographers capture images for the purpose of
providing detailed account of actual events, while hobbyist
photographers aim to capture life moments with their families
and friends.
 the most common type of photography

There are a number of photography genres that are very popular today. These include portrait, landscape,
architecture, fashion, food, sports, wildlife, macro, street, event and documentary photography.

Landscape
Landscape photography is another way of
saying scenic or environmental photography. It involves taking
pictures of a natural scene – often large and grand, but
sometimes smaller and more intimate – in a way that brings the
viewer into a scene. Landscape photography is one of the most
popular types today, spinning off several sub-genres such as
storm photography, seascapes, and so on. With a broader
definition, it also includes “urban landscape” photography and
manmade scenes.
 Wildlife
Wildlife photography can bring out some of the most intense
photographers you’ll meet – people who might spend hours on
end waiting for an animal to wander into the perfect spot, or
search for creatures that most people would rather try to avoid.

Underwater
It isn’t always easy to take underwater photos, even if you live
in the right location for it. Not only do you need a good
waterproof camera, but you also need some specific lighting
equipment the moment you start taking photos more than a
short distance from the surface.
Macro/micro
One of the most accessible types of photography is macro, the art
of capturing small creatures and objects that we ordinarily
overlook. Macro photography is usually associated with images of
bugs and flowers, but even subjects like snowflakes or water
droplets in the studio can make for amazing macro photos. A
related style of photography is simply “close-up” photography,
which might not be as magnified as true macro work, but still
isolates a small slice of the world that otherwise may not stand
out.

If the subject you are photographing is small and you want

to make it look big, you end up with a “macro” view of a
“micro” subject.
Astrophotography
Encompassing everything from smartphone images taken
through a telescope to deep-space photographs from the Hubble,
astrophotography can be one of the most humbling types of
photography to practice.

Scientific
Scientific photography is a broad category, encompassing everything from extreme
magnification microscope photography to, again, astrophotography. Some manmade
objects sneak their way into this as well, like photos of particle colliders or the space
station that periodically go viral. It’s a type of photography that I hope continues to see
more and more attention in the future, since it has the power to show us entirely new
sights and change the way we think about the world.
Art

Portrait
 Wedding

Documentary

sports
 Get more picture at…

1. www.freepik.com
2. https://www.pexels.com/
Types of Cameras
 What are the types of cameras?
Knowing the categories of cameras available to you will give you the confidence to decide
between camera models later. And there are countless. We’ll provide recommendations for
each camera type, but first, what are the different types of cameras?
DSLR
A digital single-lens reflex camera is a
digital camera that combines the optics
and the mechanisms of a single-lens reflex
camera with a solid-state image sensor
and digitally records the images from the
sensor. The reflex design scheme is the
primary difference between a DSLR and
other digital cameras.
SLR
A single-lens reflex camera is a camera
that typically uses a mirror and prism
system that permits the photographer to
view through the lens and see exactly
what will be captured. With twin lens
reflex and rangefinder cameras, the
viewed image could be significantly
different from the final image.
Mirrorless cameras
A mirrorless camera is a camera that does not have
a mirror. Though most cameras, including those used
in smartphones, lack mirrors, the term mirrorless is
primarily used to describe digital interchangeable lens
cameras to distinguish them from DSLRs, which have
historically dominated interchangeable lens
cameras. Lacking a mirror system allows the camera
to be smaller, quieter, and lighter.
Instant camera
An instant camera is a camera which
uses self-developing film to create a
chemically developed print shortly after
taking the picture. Polaroid Corporation
pioneered consumer-friendly instant
cameras and film, and was followed by
various other manufacturers.
Traditional Camera
Digital probably has way more advantages than
traditional film. Well, not probably -- it does.
Digital gives you the photos in real time and
doesn’t involve developing or film costs. If
you’re smart about backing up your photos,
you’ll likely never lose them. But there is
something about shooting with real film that no
digital camera can touch. A nostalgic look and
feel that still produces incredible res photos.
Portfolio Presentation
The quality and composition of a digital
camera is mainly defined by four
quantities: resolution, lens aperture, lens
focal length / zoom range, lens quality,
sensor sensitivity, and camera software.
Camera
Accessories
 Camera Accessories
Memory cards.
Choose something in the 32-64
GB range to start. Get a fast
A tripod card (measured in MB/second)
A landscape photographer’s if you shoot bursts of photos,
best friend since your camera’s memory
. will clear faster.
Bags
Get a shoulder bag for street
photography, a rolling bag for studio Polarizing filter.
photography, a technical hiking This is a big one, especially for
backpack for landscape photography, landscape photographers. Don’t
and so on get a cheap polarizer or it will
harm your image quality.
Extra Batteries.
Get at least one spare battery to start,
preferably two. Off-brand batteries are
usually cheaper, although they may not
last as long or maintain compatibility
with future cameras.
.
 Camera Accessories
Better computer monitor.
Ideally, you’d get an
IPS monitor for editing
Flash photos
Flashes can be expensive, and you
might need to buy a separate
transmitter and receiver if you want
to use your flash off-camera.

.
Other equipment.
There are countless
Cleaning kit. photography accessories
available, from remote
The top item is a microfiber cloth shutter releases to GPS
to keep the front of your lens attachments to printers
clean. Also get a rocket blower to and more.
remove dust from your camera
sensor more easily.
.
Camera Accessories
Type of camera
shots
Camera Shot Size Overview
Camera Shot Size Overview
Camera shot angle
Eye Level Shot
First, consider the most common height: the eye level shot. When your subject is at eye-level
they’re in a neutral perspective (not superior or inferior). This mimics how we see people in real
life -- our eye line connecting with theirs.
Low Angle Shot
A low angle shot frames the subject from a low camera height looking up at them. These
camera shots most often emphasize power dynamics between characters.
High Angle Shot
In a high angle shot, the camera points down at your subject. It usually
creates a feeling of inferiority, or “looking down” on your subject.
Hip Level Shot
A hip level shot is when your camera is roughly waist-high.
Knee Level Shot
This is when your camera height is about as low as your subject’s knees.
They can emphasize a character’s superiority, if paired with a low angle.
Ground Level Shot
A ground level shot is when your camera’s height is on ground level with your
subject. Needless to say, this shot captures what’s going on the ground your
subject stands on.
Shoulder Level Shot
This is when your camera is roughly as high as your subject’s shoulders.
Shoulder level shots are actually much more standard than an eye level shot,
which can make your actor seem shorter than reality:
Bird’s Eye View Shot or Overhead Shot
An overhead shot is from way up high, looking down on your subject and a good
amount of the scenery surrounding him or her. This can create a great sense of
scale and movement.
basic camera
settings
 basic camera settings
The three most important settings are called shutter speed, aperture, and ISO. All three of them control the
brightness of your photo, although they do so in different ways. In other words, each brings its own “side
effects” to an image. So, it’s a bit of an art to know exactly how to balance all three for a given photo.

1.Shutter speed: The amount of time your camera sensor is exposed to the world while taking a picture.
2.Aperture: Represents a “pupil” in your lens that can open and close to let in different amounts of light.
3.ISO: Technically a bit more complex, but similar to the sensitivity of film for taking pictures in different
lighting conditions.
 Shutter speed
Shutter speed is responsible for two particular things:
1. changing the brightness of your photo, and
2. creating dramatic effects by either freezing action or blurring motion.

In the following article, we will explain everything you need to know about it in
very simple language.

Shutter speed exists because of camera shutter – which is a curtain in front of the camera sensor that stays
closed until the camera fires. When the camera fires, the shutter opens and fully exposes the camera sensor
to the light that has passed through your lens.
After the sensor is done collecting the light, the shutter closes immediately, stopping the light from hitting
the sensor. The button that fires the camera is also called “shutter” or “shutter button,” because it triggers
the shutter to open and close.
Shutter speed: 1/1600th second (a fast
shutter speed)
Shutter speed: 5 seconds (a long
shutter speed).

Motion blur.
 Aperture
What is Aperture?
Aperture can be defined as the opening in a lens through which light passes to enter the
camera. It is an easy concept to understand if you just think about how your eyes work. As
you move between bright and dark environments, the iris in your eyes either expands or
shrinks, controlling the size of your pupil.

In photography, the “pupil” of your lens is called aperture. You

can shrink or enlarge the size of the aperture to allow more or
less light to reach your camera sensor. The image below shows
an aperture in a lens:
 ISO
In very basic terms, ISO is simply a camera setting that will brighten or darken a photo. As
you increase your ISO number, your photos will grow progressively brighter. For that
reason, ISO can help you capture images in darker environments, or be more flexible about
your aperture and shutter speed settings.

Common ISO Values

Every camera has a different range of ISO values (sometimes
called ISO speeds) that you can use. A common set is as
follows:
•ISO 100 (low ISO)
•ISO 200
•ISO 400
•ISO 800
•ISO 1600
•ISO 3200
•ISO 6400 (high ISO)
Basic Photography
Guides
Elements of good photo

01
Light

02
Subject

03
Composition
• Simplicity
• Balance
• Breathing Room
• Interconnectedness
 Light
Photography is light. Without it, you couldn’t take pictures in
the first place, let alone good ones.
The quality of light changes from photo to photo, but, in every
case, it’s what gives your images their underlying structure. You
can’t get any more fundamental than that.

At its simplest, light is emotion. The feel of your photograph

will be vastly different depending upon the lighting conditions:
harsh light, gentle light, warm light, cool light, and anything in
between. Each type conveys a different emotional message,
changing around the character of your final image. Although
there are other ways to convey emotion in your photo as well,
light is one of the most powerful.
 Subject
When most of us take a photo, we do so because something caught our eye.
That “something” is, unsurprisingly, your subject.
If you’re describing a photo to someone else, the subject is probably the first thing
you’ll tell them. “This is a photo of a mountain with snow blowing through the air.”
“This is a photo of a whale I saw last year.” “This is a photo of my friend.”

This is also where the technical side of photography comes in.

1. How are you portraying your subject?
2. Do you want to isolate it with a shallow depth of field, or do you want
everything from the foreground to the background to be in focus?
3. Will your photograph be tack-sharp and detailed, or impressionistic and
blurred?
Every technical decision is really just a creative decision on how to portray your
subject in the best possible way.
 Composition
Composition is, quite simply, the arrangement of the items in
your photograph. It encompasses your camera position, the
relationships between the elements of a photo, and the subjects
that you emphasize, deemphasize, or exclude completely.
Composition is how you tell your story.

A “good” composition is one that tells your story effectively,

without any distractions or confusion. Your viewers don’t have
to puzzle through a convoluted mess to figure out why you
captured that photo.
 1. Simplicity
Your photo should convey exactly what you want it to, and as
little as possible should take away from your emotional message.
If there are distracting elements in your photo, or elements with
different moods and emotions, figure out what you can do to
improve them.

Eliminate everything you can that takes away from the quality of
your photograph; move around your position or your framing to
diminish its effect. Even if your goal is to capture a chaotic,
distracting photo, you should do so as clearly and unambiguously
as possible, without any “non-chaotic” elements that tell a
different story. The best way to fix most photos is to exclude as
many of the useless (or harmful) details as possible.
 2. Balance
Every bit of a photograph attracts a certain amount of attention
– some parts more than others. Bright, saturated colors and high
contrast tend to draw your viewers’ eyes readily, for example.
The same is true for interesting subjects or unusual elements in
a photo, just like they would in the real world.

balance

This matters because of balance. When you take a photo, pay

attention to where you place the elements that attract a lot of
attention. If the left and right halves of your photo have equal
visual weight, the composition is said to be balanced; otherwise,
it’s an imbalanced image.

imbalance
 3. Breathing Room
When you take photos, each subject should have its own
breathing room, or personal space, in the composition unless
you have a specific reason to the contrary. When two subjects
bunch up against one another, or against the edge of your photo,
the result can be disconcerting.

An otherwise fantastic photo of a mountain could look

completely unnatural if it is positioned too close to the top of
the frame – or, even worse, cut off completely.
 4.Interconnectedness
Good photos work because the elements in your composition work together rather than fighting one
another. In some cases, this extends even further, achieving something known
as interconnectedness.
Sometimes, different parts of a single photo have deeper similarities than it appears on the surface.

Here, the rocks and the clouds have a very similar shape,
making the photo feel more interconnected.
Image Editing
 Image editing
• Few stock images are perfect as is, even if they're
technically high-quality ones. The image might be wrong
size or the colors could use some work. Fortunately, even
basic programs let user make simple adjustments.
• Image editing can consist of:
• Cropping
• Resizing
• Other adjustments (brightness, contrast, saturation and colours)
 1.cropping
• Cropping can be used to change the size,
shape, or focus of an image, making it useful in
many different situations.

Try this feature if your graphic is the wrong dimensions, or if it includes

something you'd rather cut out.
 2. Resizing
• Resizing an image will ensure it's the perfect
fit for your project. Just remember that you
can't make an image bigger than its original
size without affecting its quality.

If the image you're working with simply isn't big enough, it's best to
choose something else. You can also find a creative way to work with
the image size you have.
 Other adjustments
• Cosmetic adjustments let you enhance
certain image qualities, including brightness,
contrast, saturation, and color.
File format for image
• Common image file formats online include:
• JPEG (pronounced JAY-peg) is a graphic image
file produced according to a standard from the
Joint Photographic Experts Group, an ISO/IEC
group of experts that develops and maintains
standards for a suite of compression algorithms
for computer image files. JPEGs usually have
a .jpg file extension.
• GIF (pronounced JIF by many, including its
designer; pronounced GIF with a hard G by
many others) stands for Graphics Interchange
Format. The GIF uses the 2D raster data type
and is encoded in binary. GIF files ordinarily
have the .gif extension.
 File format for image
• TIFF (Tag Image File Format) is a common
format for exchanging raster graphics (bitmap)
images between application programs, including
those used for scanner images. A TIFF file can
be identified as a file with a .tiff or ".tif" file name
suffix.
• GIF89a is an animated GIF image, formatted
according to GIF Version 89a. One of the chief
advantage format is the ability to create an
animated image that can be played after
transmitting to a viewer page that moves - for
example, a twirling icon or a banner with a hand
that waves or letters that magically get larger.
A GIF89a can also be specified for
interlaced GIF presentation.
 File format for image
• PNG (pronounced ping ) is a Portable Network Graphics) is a
file format for image compression that was designed to provide
a number of improvements over the GIF format. Like a GIF, a
PNG file is compressed in lossless fashion (meaning all image
information is restored when the file is decompressed during
viewing). Files typically have a .png extension.
• SVG is Scalable Vector Graphics, the description of an image
as an application of XML. Any program such as a browser that
recognizes XML can display the image using the information
provided in the SVG format. Scalability means that the file can
be viewed on a computer display of any size and resolution,
whether the small screen of a smartphone or a large
widescreen display in a PC. Files usually have .svg extension.
Software for working with image (image design)

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