GOOD AFTERNOON

EVERYONE
 ARTS 10

PHOTOGRAPHY
Photography
Photography is the art, application and practice of
creating durable images by recording light or
other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by
means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-
sensitive material such as photographic film. It is employed in
many fields of science, manufacturing
(e.g., photolithography), and business, as well as its more
direct uses for art, film and video production, recreational
purposes, hobby, and mass communication

The word "photography" was created from the Greek

roots φωτός (phōtos), genitive of φῶς (phōs), "light"[2] and
γραφή (graphé) "representation by means of lines" or
"drawing",[3] together meaning "drawing with light".[4]
 The first permanent photoetching was an
image produced in 1822 by the French
inventor Nicéphore Niépce, but it was
destroyed in a later attempt to make prints
from it.[28] Niépce was successful again in 1825.
In 1826 or 1827, he made the View from the
Window at Le Gras, the earliest surviving
Nicéphore Niépce photograph from nature (i.e., of the image of
a real-world scene, as formed in a camera
obscura by a lens).[29]
 Calotype or talbotype is an
early photographic process introduced
in 1841 by William Henry Fox
Talbot,[1] using paper[2] coated
with silver iodide. The
term calotype comes from
the Greek καλός (kalos), "beautiful",
William Henry Fox Talbot
and τύπος (tupos), "impression".
Talbot made his first successful camera photographs in
1835 using paper sensitised with silver chloride, which
darkened in proportion to its exposure to light. This early
"photogenic drawing" process was a printing-out process, i.e.,
the paper had to be exposed in the camera until the image was
fully visible. A very long exposure—typically an hour or
more—was required to produce an acceptable negative.
 Louis Daguerre

View of the Boulevard du Temple

,
ROBERT CORNELIUS
 FIRST COLOR PHOTOGRAPH
(1861)
The first permanent color photograph was
taken in 1861 using the three-color-separation
principle first published by Scottish physicist James
Clerk Maxwell in 1855.[39][40] The foundation of
virtually all practical color processes, Maxwell's idea
was to take three separate black-and-white
photographs through red, green and
blue filters.[39][40] This provides the photographer
with the three basic channels required to recreate a James Clerk Maxwell
color image. Transparent prints of the images could
be projected through similar color filters and
superimposed on the projection screen, an additive
method of color reproduction. A color print on
paper could be produced by superimposing carbon
prints of the three images made in
their complementary colors, a subtractive
method of color reproduction pioneered by Louis
Ducos du Hauron in the late 1860s.
 FIRST HIGH SPEED PHOTOGRAPH
(1878)

EADWEARD MUYBRIDGE
CAMERA
 CAMERA

A camera is an optical instrument to capture still images or to record moving

images, which are stored in a physical medium such as in a digital system or
on photographic film. A camera consists of a lens which focuses light from the scene,
and a camera body which holds the image capture mechanism.

The word camera comes from camera obscura, which

means "dark chamber" and is the Latin name of the original device for
projecting an image of external reality onto a flat surface. The modern
photographic camera evolved from the camera obscura. The
functioning of the camera is very similar to the functioning of the
human eye. The first permanent photograph was made in 1825
by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce.
HISTORY
PARTS OF THE CAMERA
 Lens
The lens is one of the most vital parts
of a camera. The light enters through
the lens, and this is where the photo
process begins. Lenses can be either
fixed permanently to the body or
interchangeable. They can also vary
in focal length, aperture, and other
details.

Viewfinder
The viewfinder can be found on
all DSLRs and some models of
digital compacts. On DSLRs, it will
be the main visual source for
image-taking, but many of today’s
digital compacts have replaced
the typical viewfinder with an LCD
screen.
 Body
The body is the main portion of
the camera, and bodies can be a
number of different shapes and
sizes. DSLRs tend to be larger
bodied and a bit heavier, while
there are other consumer
cameras that are a conveniently
smaller size and even able to fit
Aperture into a pocket.
The aperture affects the image’s
exposure by changing the
diameter of the lens opening,
which controls the amount of light
reaching the image sensor. Some
digital compacts will have a fixed
aperture lens, but most of today’s
compact cameras have at least a
small aperture range. This range
will be expressed in f/stops
 Image Sensor
The image sensor converts the optical
image to an electronic signal, which is
then sent to your memory card. There
are two main types of image sensors
that are used in most digital cameras:
CMOS and CCD. Both forms of the
sensor accomplish the same task, but
each has a different method of
performance.

Memory Card
The memory card stores all
of the image information,
and they range in size and
speed capacity. The main
types of memory cards
available are CF and SD
cards, and cameras vary on
which type that they require.
 LCD Screen
The LCD screen is found on the back
of the body and can vary in size. On
digital compact cameras, the LCD
has typically begun to replace the
viewfinder completely. On DSLRs,
the LCD is mainly for viewing photos
after shooting, but some cameras do
have a “live mode” as well.

Flash
The on-board flash will be
available on all cameras
except some professional
grade DSLRs. It can
sometimes be useful to
provide a bit of extra light
during dim, low light
situations.
User Controls
The controls on each camera will
vary depending on the model and
type. Your basic digital compacts
may only have auto settings that
can be used for different
environments, while a DSLR will
have numerous controls for auto
and manual shooting along with
custom settings.
TYPES OF CAMERA

A folding camera is
a camera type. Folding
cameras fold into a compact
and rugged package for
storage. The lens and
shutter are attached to a
lens-board which is
connected to the body of
the camera by a light-
tight folding bellows. When
the camera is fully
unfolded it provides the
correct focus distance from
the film.
The Brownie was a long-
running popular series of
simple and inexpensive
cameras made by Eastman
Kodak. Introduced in 1900, it
introduced the snapshot to
the masses. It was a basic
cardboard box camera with a
simple meniscus lens that
took 2 1/4-inch square
pictures on 117 roll film. Frank A. Brownell.
It was invented by Frank A.
Brownell.[3] The name comes
from the brownies (spirits in
folklore) in Palmer
Cox cartoons. Over 150,000
Brownie cameras were
shipped in the first year of
production.[4] An improved
model, called No. 2 Brownie
came in 1901, which produced
larger 2-1/4 by 3-1/4 inch
photos and cost $2 and was
also a huge success.[2]
A view camera is a large
format camera in which the lens
forms an inverted image on
a ground glass screen directly at the
plane of the film. The image viewed
is exactly the same as the image on
the film, which replaces the
viewing screen during exposure.[1]
This type of camera was first
developed in the era of
the daguerreotype[2] (1840s-1850s)
and still in use today, though with
many refinements. It comprises a
flexible bellows that forms a light-
tight seal between two
adjustable standards, one of which
holds a lens, and the other
a viewfinder or a photographic
film holder.[3] There are three
general types, the monorail camera,
the field camera, and press or
technical cameras.
The instant camera is a type
of camera which uses self-developing
film to create a chemically developed
print shortly after taking the
picture. Polaroid Corporation pioneered
(and patented) consumer-friendly instant
cameras and film, and were followed by
various other manufacturers.
The invention of commercially viable
instant cameras which were easy to use is
generally credited
to American scientist Edwin Land, who
unveiled the first commercial instant EDWIN H. LAND
camera, the model 95 Land Camera, went
on sale at the Jordan Marsh department
store on November 26,1948 for a price of
$89.95 (equivalent to US$938 in 2018),[1] a
year after he unveiled the instant film in
New York City. The earliest instant
camera, which consisted of a camera and
portable wet darkroom in a single
compartment, was invented in 1923 by
Samuel Shlafrock.[2]
CAMERA LENSES
TYPES OF LENSES
 REPORTERS

ALJON NATOZA PRINCESS HUIDEM

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