GOAL PROGRAMMING MODEL AND ITS APPLICATION IN RESOURCE

ALLOCATION IN INDUSTRY
लक्ष्य प्रोग्रामिंग मॉडल और उद्योग में संसाधन आवंटन में इसका अनुप्रयोग

by

Chauhan Priyank Hasmukhbhai

Under the Supervision of

Dr. RITU KHANNA

Professor & Head
Pacific University, Udaipur

FACULTY OF SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
PACIFIC ACADEMY OF HIGHER EDUCATION & RESEARCH UNIVERSITY, UDAIPUR (RAJASTHAN)
 Index
 Introduction

 Importance/Rational of proposed investigation

 Scope of proposed study

 Review of work already done on the subject

 Research gap identified in the proposed field of investigation

 Objectives of the proposed study

 Detailed Research Plan

 LINDO Optimizer Solver

 Tentative chapterization

 Bibliography
Introduction

Basics of Goal Programming: Goal Programming (GP) is one of highly efficient techniques for multiple objective decision
analysis. It is a very a powerful tool, which is inspired by the well-established and noted technique of Linear Programming. It
additionally offers good solutions to a sophisticated method of implementing objectives. GP can effectively manage the decision
problem with single goal and multiple sub goals. Occasionally, goals tend to contain no common measures. Establishing a
hierarchy of importance among such conflicting goals become a very important to meet the goals at lower order. In certain
cases, they reach to level where no additional enhancements can be made. The problems can be easily resolved through GP; it is
also follows that all relationships of the model should be linear.

General Goal Programming Model: GP is a sophisticated and robust tool with flexible mechanism, which can be implemented
on various decision problems which are related to multiple objectives. Nevertheless, it must be noted that the GP is not a
comprehensive solution for all decision problems. GP can be implemented only under certain conditions. So far, majority of the
GP applications were restricted to well-defined deterministic problems. Additionally, the primary analysis is restricted to
determine a possible solution to optimize the achievement of the objective without violating any specified criteria.
 The general GP model in terms of mathematically as follows:

Optimize Z= (1)
Or
Optimize Z= (2)
Subject to Z= (3)
And (4)

Where Pk are pre-emptive priorities, are negative deviational variables, are positive deviational variables, which always
determines the attainment below and above goal. If necessary, we can combine pre-emptive priorities with relative weighting.
and are weight attached to deviational variables and , are technological coefficients, x j are decision variables, bi are right-

hand side goal values. The pk where k =1, 2,…..K pre-emptive priorities are ranking for the goals constraints such that the

ranked importance of 𝑝1 > 𝑝2 > 𝑝3 > > > > > > 𝑝𝑘.
Types Of Goal Programming

1. Lexicographic Goal Programming Model

2. Pre-emptive goal programming

3. Weighted Goal Programming Model

4. Prioritize Goal Programming

5. Mixed integer goal programming

6. Integer goal programming

7. Generic goal programming

8. Chebyshev Goal Programming / Minimax goal programming
9. Fuzzy Goal Programming
Resource Allocation through Goal Programming: Public pressure and limited quantities of resources necessitate
development of more reliable decision making techniques. Modern resource managers are rapidly becoming aware of new
decision aiding techniques which are capable of reviewing, utilizing, and organizing vast quantities of resource data. Many
models utilizing operation research techniques have been developed to aid range and other resource managers. The most
common technique used has been linear programming for the resource allocation used from years by several researchers.

 Goal programming is a branch of multi-objective optimization, which is a branch of Multiple-Criteria Decision Analysis
(MCDA), thus also known as Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) being considered as an extension of linear
programming problem in order to handle multiple and conflicting objective measures. Each of these objectives is given a goal
or target value required to be achieved. Goal programming model seeks to minimize the deviations between the desired goals
and the actual results to be obtained according to the assigned priorities, that is, certain function of the unwanted deviation
variables is minimized. In short, GP is a realistic satisficing philosophy. Goal programming basically performs following
three types of analysis:
• Determine the degree of attainment of the goals with the resources available.
• Determine the resources required to achieve a desired set of objective.

• Provide the best satisfying solution under varying priorities of goals and amount of resources satisficing in the GP
models.

To get the deeper insight about the application and significance of the Goal programming in resource allocation, this research
work is conceptualized to study the basic principles and definition of goal programming used for resource allocation followed
with the solution methodology. Further, the research work will discuss the Fuzzy logic based program for planning the
resource allocation in manufacturing plants followed with mathematical implementation. Hence, the overall objectivity of the
research work revolves around the proposing the advanced goal programming models in order to solve production planning
problems in industry.
Importance/ Rationale of proposed Investigation
• The Industrial world faced a depression after Second World War in solving a variety of industrial problems. Industrialist after
solving problems using various models determined Operations Research (OR) technique can be used conveniently in solving such
problems. Then onwards, industrial problems are solved using various models of Operations Research or Goal Programming
(OR/GP). These models are used to increase the productivity, minimize the cost of production, and use carefully the available
resources and for healthy growth of industries.

• Objectivity behind the research is driven through the need of identifying the method of administering resources in specific sector
(manufacturing) has become dynamic and demanding in modern manufacturing system. In different production industries or the
manufacturing companies, there is a lot of space for the manufacturing process. This is due to the need for finished goods in
different segments is increasing with the population growth.

• Furthermore, one of the causes of manufacturing cost increases is the rapid rise in the price of raw material, technology change,
increase in wages, maintenance cost etc. In addition, the difficulty of procedures has rendered the available facilities ineffective. As a
result, administration is a difficult task for management to solve.

• Such problem is then solved using the linear programming model; hence sensitivity analysis is also feasible. For more than five
decades, researchers are continuously exploring this field where goal programming is termed as one of the mathematical tool,
designed to solve multi-objective problems in different areas for taking the efficient, timely and accurate decision.
Scope of the Proposed Study

In the light of two biggest problems with goal programming are to attribute, the decision maker gives satisficing target value
which is an empirical requirement and lack of theoretical foundation in determining the achievement functions form for a goal
programming model. To overcome issues associated with goal programming problems in context to solve the production
planning problems in industry the study mainly emphasizes over:

1. Application of the Fuzzy Meta-Goal programming in Production planning in manufacturing followed with the
integration of interactive fuzzy meta-goal programming in similar context.
2. Capacitated industrial problem solution through application of Fuzzy chance constrained fuzzy goal programming
model.

3. Determination of EPQ (Extended Project Qualification) through the application of weighted fuzzy goal programming for
solving fuzzy multi-objective linear fractional inventory model.
Hence, the major scope of the proposed research work revolves around planning of production using goal programming, Fuzzy
Meta-Goal Programming (to decide the number of units to be produced), interactive Fuzzy Meta-Goal Programming followed
with the recommendation of solutions for approximation scheme for deteriorating items. In order to maximize the profit, the
research will also present the fuzzy multi-objective linear fractional inventory to determine the EPQ. For assessing the
optimization of the results LINDO optimizer solver software will be used.
Review of work already done on the subject

• Goal programming, a practical and flexible methodology to solve multi-dimensional planning problems.

• Since then extensions of goal programming methodology are done by many researchers involving

preemptive/lexicographic linear goal programming, integer goal programming and zero-one goal

programming and extended lexicographic goal programming .

• surveys of fields of its applications such as production planning, financial planning, capital budgeting

planning, etc.
Research gaps identified in the proposed field of investigation

Following research gaps were identified under the subject area from research works performed over the goal programming and its
applications in resource allocation particularly:

1. There is scope to study the resource allocation or distribution in manufacturing industry through different goal
programming model.
2. Studying the fundamental properties of goal programming model in context to manufacturing industry to attain the cost
minimization based on capacitated problems.
3. Determination of Economic Production Quantity through fuzzy goal programming approach.

4. Assessment of the optimization of results through optimization software namely LINDO

Hence, major research gaps identified in context to planning of production through different Goal Programming (Fuzzy Meta-
Goal Programming, Interactive Fuzzy Meta-Goal Programming) followed with the maximization of the profit through linear
fractional inventory to determine the Economic Production Quantity. For assessing the optimization of the results LINDO
optimizer solver software will be used.
Objectives of the proposed study

Following are the potential research objectives of the proposed research work:

1. To study the application of Goal Programming model for resource optimization.

2. To study the application of Fuzzy Meta-Goal Programming (FMGP) and Interactive Fuzzy Meta-Goal Programming
(IFMGP) for production planning.
3. To determine the effectiveness of Fuzzy Chance Constrained Fuzzy Goal Programming technique in transportation.
4. Modelling of an approximation scheme for optimal production run time and duration of the shortages by minimizing the
total system cost.

5. To study the determination of Economic Production Quantity through fuzzy goal programming approach.

In particular, the research will express the resource allocation optimization through goal programming, Fuzzy Meta-Goal
Programming, interactive Fuzzy Meta-Goal Programming followed with the modelling of an approximation scheme for optimal
production run time and duration of the shortages by minimizing the total system cost. For the maximization of profit, the
research will also present the fuzzy multi-objective linear fractional inventory to determine the EPQ. LINDO optimizer solver
software will be used to measure the effectiveness of the results on the basis of different parameters and values.
Detailed Research Plan
Methodology and Research Plan followed for Fuzzy Meta-Goal Programming (FMGP) and Interactive Fuzzy Meta-Goal
Programming (IFMGP) for production planning:
1. Formulation of different sets of Meta-goal programming model and Interactive Meta-Goal Programming (IFMGP).
2. Conceptualizing or modelling of fuzzy meta-goal programming model (FMGP) and Interactive Fuzzy Meta-Goal
Programming (IFMGP).

3. Numerical Explanation of fuzzy meta-goal programming approach (FMGP) and Interactive Fuzzy Meta-Goal
Programming (IFMGP) -– Application of LINDO optimizer solver.
Methodology and Research Plan for effectiveness of Fuzzy Chance Constrained Fuzzy Goal Programming technique in
transportation:

1. Formulation of Mathematical Model Involving Fuzzy Chance Constrained Multi-Objective Capacitated Transportation
Problem
2. Modelling of FGP (Fuzzy Goal Programming) of Chance Constrained Multi-Objective Capacitated Transportation
Problem

3. Numerical Explanation – Application of LINDO optimizer solver

Methodology and Research Plan for approximation scheme for optimal production run time and duration of the shortages
by minimizing the total system cost:
1. Enlisting of Assumptions and Notations
2. Mathematical Modelling
3. Solution Procedure

4. Numerical Experimentation – Application of LINDO optimizer solver

Methodology and Research Plan for determination of Economic Production Quantity through fuzzy goal programming
approach:

1. Problem Formulation – Enlisting the Assumption and Notations

2. Modelling the Transformation of Multi-Objective Linear Fractional Programming Problem to Liner Programming

3. Numerical Experimentation – Application of LINDO optimizer solver

LINDO OPTIMIZER SOLVER

• LINDO (Linear, INteractive, and Discrete Optimizer) is a convenient, but powerful tool for
solving. linear, integer, and quadratic programming problems Solver.
• LINDO Software for Integer Programming, Linear Programming, Nonlinear Programming,
Stochastic Programming, Global Optimization with MS Excel Plugin Covert Data.
• Free of Charge.
• Operating System – Windows / MAC 64bit/32bit
Tentative Chapter Scheme

The tentative chapter scheme of the proposed research work is as follows:

Chapter 1: This chapter will present the introduction of Goal Programming incorporating some definitions relating the goal
programming and its application. Subsequent section of the chapter will present the different types of goal programming model
with solution methodology and some specific studies related with the study topic and allied topics in form of summaries.
Chapter 2: This chapter will present the production planning using Fuzzy Meta-Goal Programming (FMGP). Subsequent section
will discuss the results drawn through LINDO optimizer solver.
Chapter 3: This chapter will present an interactive fuzzy meta-goal programming for production planning in industry and the
asymptotic properties would be briefly discussed in successive section. This chapter will also present fuzzy chance constrained
fuzzy goal programming model using capacitated multi-objective industrial problem discussion and the mathematical
explanation of results.
Chapter 4: This chapter will present single item production inventory model. Subsequent section will present the model
developed for finite time horizon. A solution procedure for an approximation scheme will be discussed. A numerical example
will be carried out for the illustration of the model.
Chapter 5: This chapter will present the fuzzy multi-objective linear fractional inventory model in determining EPQ.
Chapter 6: This chapter will present the conclusion, major findings and recommendations for the future research work.
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Thank You