Operations on Functions

Definition. Let f and g be functions

1. Their sum, denoted by f + g, mis the function denoted by
( f + g )(x) = f(x) + g(x)

2. Their difference, denoted by f - g, is the function denoted by

( f - g )(x) = f(x) - g(x).

3. Their product, denoted by f ● g, is the function denoted by

( f ● g )(x) = f(x)● g(x)

4. Their quotient, denoted by f/g, is the function denoted by

( f/g )(x) = f(x)/g(x)
Addition and Subtraction :
a)Find the least common denominator ( LCD ) of both
fractions.
b)Rewrite the fractions as equivalent fractions with the same
LCD.
c)The LCD is the denominator of the resulting fraction.
d)The sum or difference of the numerators is the numerator
of the resulting fraction.
1. Their sum, denoted by f + g, mis the function denoted by
( f + g )(x) = f(x) + g(x)

Use the following functions

 f(x) = x + 3 Example
 p(x) = 2x - 7
 v(x) = x² + 5x + 4
1. ( v + g )(x)
 g(x) = x² + 2x -8
 h(x) =
2. ( f + p )(x)
 t(x) = 3. ( f + v )(x)
4. ( g + p )(x)
5. ( f + h )(x)
`
2. Their difference, denoted by f - g, is the function denoted by
( f - g )(x) = f(x) - g(x).

Use the following functions

 f(x) = x + 3 Example
 p(x) = 2x - 7
 v(x) = x² + 5x + 4 1.( p - f )(x)
 g(x) = x² + 2x -8
 h(x) =
2.( p - v )(x)
 t(x) = 3.( f - p )(x)
Multiplication:
a)Rewrite the numerator and denominator in terms of its
prime factors.
b)Common factors in the numerator and denominator can
be simplified as “1” ( THIS IS OFTEN CALLED
“CANCELLING” )
c)Multiply the numerators together to get the new
numerator.
d)Multiply the denominators together to get the new
denominator.
3. Their product, denoted by f ● g, is the function denoted
by( f ● g )(x) = f(x)● g(x)

Use the following functions

 f(x) = x + 3
 p(x) = 2x - 7 Example
 v(x) = x² + 5x + 4
 g(x) = x² + 2x -8 1.( f ● p )(x)
 h(x) =
 t(x) =
2.( f ● v )(x)
3.( g ● p )(x)
Division:
To divide two fractions or rational expressions,
multiply the dividend with the reciprocal of the divisor.
4. Their quotient, denoted by f/g, is the function denoted by
( f/g )(x) = f(x)/g(x)

Use the following functions

 f(x) = x + 3
 p(x) = 2x - 7
 v(x) = x² + 5x + 4 Example
 g(x) = x² + 2x -8
 h(x) =
1.( v/g )(x)
 t(x) = 2.( t/f )(x)
3.( h/p )(x)
Definition. Let f and g be functions. The composition
function denoted by (f ჿ g ) is defined by
( f ჿ g )(x) = f (g(x))

Use the following Example

functions: 1. find and simplify
(g ◦ f )(x)
f(x) = 2x +1 2. ( q ◦ f )(x)
q(x) = x² - 2x + 2
p(x) = 3. ( f ◦ p )(x)
g(x) =
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