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Kelainan Otot
Kelainan Otot
DR BAMBANG A T KUSUMAH
KOMPLEKSITAS REAKSI DARI STRUKTUR OTOT RANGKA AKIBAT
injured at birth
A history of difficult labour or breech delivery
is common.
Clinical sign :
A lump may be noticed in the first few
weeks of life; it is well defined and involves
of the sternomastoid
At this stage there is neither deformity nor
obvious limitation of movement
within a few months the lump has
disappeared
within a few months the lump has disappeared.
Deformity does not become apparent until
the child is 1–2 years old.
The head is tilted to one
side, so that the ear approaches the shoulder
sternomastoid on that side may feel tight and
hard.
There may also be asymmetrical development of
the face (plagiocephaly).
These features become increasingly
obvious as the child grows.
Radiographs must be taken to exclude a bone
abnormality or fracture
treatment
daily muscle stretching by the parents may
prevent the incipient deformity.
Non-operative treatment is successful
in most cases.
the condition persists beyond
one year, operative correction is required to
avoid progressive facial deformity.
Secondary torticollis
congenitalbone anomalies, atlanto-axial
rotatory displacement
infection (lymphadenitis, retropharyngeal
abscess, tonsillitis, discitis, tuberculosis),
trauma,
juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
posterior fossa tumours,
intraspinal tumours
POLIOMIELITIS ( POLIO )
Poliomelitis adalah penyakit paralisis
Atau lumpuh yang disebabkan oleh virus
Port d entri : mulut masuk saluran mulut dan
menginfeksi saluran usus --- aliran darah--------
SSP---kelemahan otot sampai lumpuh (paralisis)
Gambaran klinis
Sering pada usia 5 tahun
1. Fase Inkubasi
2 minggu
2. Fase Umum
sakit kepala , demam, nyeri pada tulang dan
sendi berlangsung 3 hari
3. Fase paralisis mendadak
3 hari sampai paling lama 2 bulan
tindakan:
- isolasi penderita
- suasana tenang dan nyaman
- pemberian abat nyeri dan spasme otot
- obat sedatif
pencegahan deformitas dan kontraktur dgn fisioterapy
ETIOPATOLOGI
-Penyebab : pecorna virus
-Menyerang sisitim syaraf dan berakibat
kelumpuhan otot dpt terjadi dlm hitungan jam
-tanpa mengenal usia
-melalui kontak antar manusia
-carier
-virus---mulut ( makanan minuman)—faces—
menyebar
KLINIS
- STADIUM AKUT
- STADIUM PEMULIHAN
- STADIUM PARALISIS RESIDUAL
STADIUM AKUT
Tanda Minor :
1 – 3 setelah onset
mual , muntah kram perut, diare
nyeri tenggorokan , demam ,sakit kepala
berlngsung 2-3 mgu sampai 2 bulan
Tanda Mayor :
1. Polio Non paralisis
demam 38-40 C
muntah,sakit perut
kram otot
timbul 1-2 hari---sembuh----nyeri otot
2. Polio Paralisis Spinal
-menyerang chorda sspinal (med spinalis)
ggn kontrol pergerakan tubuh dan
ekstermitas
-kelumpuhan permanen
- 1 : 200 kelumpuhan
- vaksinansi (-)
3.Polio Bulbar
- berat,pada batang otak, kardiorespirasi
terganggu
- ke matian
TANDA KLINIS UMUM PADA STADIUM AKUT
1.KELEMAHAN ASIMETRIPADA BEBERAPA
OTOT EKSTENSOR, REFLEKS TENDON
MENURUN/ TIDAK
2. ATROFI ASIMETRIS OTOT EKSTREMITAS
PD 3MG
STADIUM PEMULIHAN
GEJALA NYERI OTOT HILANG DAN PARALISIS
HILANG, OTOT MULI PULIH
BERLANGSUNG 2 THN
STADIUM PARALISIS RESIDUAL
TIDAK ADA PEMULIHAN OTOT
KONTRATUR OTOT SENDI ASIMETRIS
DISUSES ATROFI
PEMENDEKAN TUNGKAI
LABORATORIUM: