“ SOLAR – BATTERY ENHANCED HYBRID ELECTRIC

VEHICLE ”
Final Project Review Presentation
Branch :
Mechanical
Section : A

Presented Project Guide

by: (20BF1A0313) Mr. A. VENU GOPAL (M.Tech)
B.BHARGAV ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
G.PRASHANTH (20BF1A0327)

K.VENKATA SAI (20BF1A0337)

P.DEVI PRASAD (20BF1A0352)

Department of Mechanical Engineering

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 ABSTRACT

"Solar- Battery Enhanced Hybrid Electric Vehicles”: Harnessing the Power of the Sun" explores a
pioneering approach to sustainable transportation by integrating solar energy into hybrid electric vehicle
(HEV) systems. The research focuses on the development and manufacturing of HEVs augmented with
solar technology. This study delves into the conceptualization, design, and manufacturing processes
involved in creating these innovative vehicles. It emphasizes the strategic placement and configuration
of solar panels to maximize energy capture while ensuring aerodynamic efficiency. Advanced
manufacturing techniques, lightweight materials, and precision assembly methods are employed to
create a robust and efficient HEV platform. The paper also addresses critical aspects of energy
management, storage, and distribution within HEV systems, utilizing smart energy management,
advanced battery technologies, and regenerative braking for improved energy efficiency and overall
vehicle performance. The culmination of this research is the creation of a prototype that exemplifies the
potential of solar-enhanced HEVs in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and reliance on fossil fuels
while extending vehicle range.
Keywords: Electric vehicle (EV), Chassis design, Sustainability, Finite element analysis (FEA), hybrid
electric vehicle (HEV)
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 INTRODUCTION

What is meant by hybrid electric vehicle?

Hybrid electric vehicle are powered by an internal combustion engine and one or more
electric motors, which uses energy stored in batteries. A Hybrid electric vehicle can’t be
plugged into the battery.

What are differences between hybrid electric vehicle and electric

vehicle?
The difference between the HEV and EV. A HEV is powered by both an internal
combustion engine(ICV) and an electric motor with separate batteries each. A EV are uses
only o battery and electric motors to run.

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INTODUCTION

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LINE REPRESENTATION DIAGRAM

Hybrid electrical vehicle:-

Wheel Wheel

Speed
controller
Charger

Batteries
Power
Motor
converter

Wheel Wheel

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APPROACH OF DOING WORK

Initial stage of selection of materials & Designing:-

 The whole work divided into “Three batches “.

Batch:- 01 - Designing of chassis frame

Batch:- 02 - Suspension system and Steering mechanism

Batch:- 03 - Solar – battery enhanced Hybrid Electric Vehicle

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 SOLAR ENHANCED HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE

A Solar Enhanced Hybrid Electric Vehicle (SEHEV) is a type of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV)
that incorporates solar energy as an additional power source to enhance its overall efficiency and
reduce reliance on traditional fuel sources. The integration of solar panels allows the vehicle to
harness sunlight and convert it into electricity, which can be used to charge the battery or directly
power the vehicle's electrical components.

Here are some key features and benefits of Solar Enhanced Hybrid Electric Vehicles:

1.Solar Panels: SEHEVs are equipped with solar panels, typically mounted on the vehicle's roof
or other surfaces with good exposure to sunlight. These panels capture solar energy and convert it
into electrical power.
2.Battery Charging: The electricity generated by the solar panels can be used to charge the
vehicle's battery. This helps extend the electric-only driving range of the vehicle and reduces the
need for charging from external power sources.
3.Increased Efficiency: By combining the power from an internal combustion engine, an electric
motor, and solar panels, SEHEVs aim to achieve higher overall efficiency and reduce fuel
consumption compared to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles.
4.Reduced Emissions: The use of solar power and electric propulsion in SEHEVs contributes to
lower greenhouse gas emissions and reduced dependence on fossil fuels, making them more
environmentally friendly.
5.Regenerative Braking: Like other hybrid vehicles, SEHEVs often incorporate regenerative
braking systems that capture and store energy during braking, further contributing to energy
efficiency.
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 SOLAR ENHANCED HEV

6.Smart Energy Management: SEHEVs employ advanced energy management systems to

optimize the use of power from various sources. This may involve switching between the
internal combustion engine, electric motor, and solar power based on driving conditions and
energy availability.
7.Light weight energy Storage Systems: Advanced energy storage systems, such as high-
capacity batteries, are essential components of SEHEVs. These systems store excess energy
generated from solar panels and regenerative braking for use during periods of higher energy
demand.
While SEHEVs offer promising benefits in terms of efficiency and environmental impact,
challenges such as the limited surface area available for solar panels on a vehicle and the
intermittent nature of solar power need to be addressed for widespread adoption.
Technological advancements in solar cell efficiency, energy storage, and vehicle design
continue to play a crucial role in the development of Solar Enhanced Hybrid Electric Vehicles.

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

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 SOLAR PANEL DETAILS

Length =0.775m; width=0.665m for each pannels

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Calculation for solar pannel requirement

As the roof top of the vehicle is spread by solar panels, below calculations are for
calculating size of the solar panel:
Vehicle Specifications:
Length(L)= 2.72m;
Width(W) = 1.5m
Assume 80% of the area.
Area available (Vr. a) = L*W*0.8
= 2.72*1.5*0.6=2.44
Solar panel size: L = 0.775m and W = 0.665m Each panel
Pmax = 75W; Voc =22.5 v
Current indused (Isc) = 4.52
Area of the solar panel (PV Panel area)= L*W
= 0.515 𝑚
No. of maximum solar panels fit on roof top= Vr.a
PV Panel area= Vra/pv panel
= 2.448/0.515
=4 panels

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BATTERY ENHANCED HBV

Lithium ion battery:- (12*3) 48volts,5 amps

Lithium-ion batteries are currently used in most portable consumer electronics

such as cell phones and laptops because of their high energy per unit mass and volume
relative to other electrical energy storage systems. They also have a high power-to-weight
ratio, high energy efficiency, good high-temperature performance, long life, and low self-
discharge. Most components of lithium-ion batteries can be recycled, but the cost of material
recovery remains a challenge for the industry. Most of today's all-electric vehicles and
PHEVs use lithium-ion batteries, though the exact chemistry often varies from that of
consumer electronics batteries. Research and development are ongoing to reduce their
relatively high cost, extend their useful life, use less cobalt, and address safety concerns in
regard to various fault conditions.

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BATTERY ENHABCED HEV

It seems there might be a small typo in your question ("Battery Enhaned" instead of "Battery
Enhanced"), but I'll assume you are referring to a "Battery Enhanced Hybrid Electric Vehicle"
(BEHEV). A BEHEV typically refers to a hybrid electric vehicle that incorporates
advancements in battery technology to enhance its overall performance and efficiency.
Here are some key features and aspects associated with BEHEVs:
1.Advanced Battery Technology: BEHEVs utilize advanced battery technologies, such as
lithium-ion or other high-energy-density batteries. These batteries offer improved energy
storage capacity, durability, and power output compared to traditional hybrid vehicle batteries.
2.Extended Electric-Only Range: The enhanced battery technology in BEHEVs allows for a
longer electric-only driving range. This means the vehicle can rely more on electric power,
reducing the consumption of conventional fuels and lowering emissions during short trips or
in urban driving conditions.
3.Regenerative Braking: Like other hybrid vehicles, BEHEVs often feature regenerative
braking systems. These systems capture and convert kinetic energy during braking into
electrical energy, which is then stored in the battery for later use.
4.Fast Charging Capabilities: Some BEHEVs may have fast-charging capabilities, allowing
the battery to be charged quickly when connected to a compatible charging station. This
feature enhances the convenience of using electric power and reduces downtime for
recharging.
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BATTERY ENHANCED HEV
6. Reduced Fuel Consumption and Emissions: The enhanced battery technology contributes
to overall fuel efficiency and reduced emissions. BEHEVs can operate in electric-only mode
during low-demand situations, such as city driving, leading to lower fuel consumption and
environmental impact.
7.Adaptive Charging and Discharging: BEHEVs may feature adaptive charging and
discharging capabilities, allowing the vehicle to respond dynamically to changes in driving
conditions, energy demand, and charging infrastructure availability..

The development of Battery Enhanced Hybrid Electric Vehicles is part of the broader effort to
improve the efficiency and sustainability of transportation by leveraging advancements in
battery technology and hybrid powertrain systems.

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ADVANTAGES

• Environment-friendly.
• Financial benefits due to lesser fuel costs incurred.
• Less dependence on fossil fuels.
• Regenerative braking system.
• Built from lightweight materials.
• Electric motor assistance.
• Smaller engines.
• Automatic start and stop.

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 CONCLUSION

Hybrid Electric Vehicles are definitely more environmental –friendly than internal combustion
engine (ICV).Batteries are being engineered to have a long life. When the Hybrid Electric
Vehicle become more widespread. Battery recycling will become economically possible
research into other energy source such as fuel cells and renewable fuels makes the future look
brighter for Hybrid Electric Vehicles.

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